摘要
毒品犯罪案一直以來列居於犯罪類型之首。其中，以施用毒品行為是否具備刑罰處置的正當性最具爭議。但即便最終確定施用毒品行為有除罪化之可行性，在政策施行上，若是立即將包含一級毒品在內的施用毒品行為除罪，過於冒險，故本研究以施用二級毒品行為作分析，其餘毒品級別不加以贅述。再者，施用毒品行為係屬自傷行為，因此將吸毒者納入刑事法中本就備受議論。並且，毒品戰爭下的嚴刑峻罰也證實，打擊需求方並無法解決吸毒者的問題，反而還會惡化。是以，醫療觀念與減害治療的除罪化思維逐漸發聲。施用毒品的行為是否有入罪化之必要？本文對施用毒品除罪化爭議進行研討後認為，即使承認其應罰性的存在，但是基於刑法最後手段性原則，在需罰性的層次上是有疑義的。 目前毒品政策是以「毒品危害防制條例」作為規範，採「有條件除刑不除罪」政策，將吸毒者視為「病犯」身分，並對初犯者以保安處分替代刑罰，然而此種透過司法強制力結合戒癮治療的模式仍無法有效解決毒品問題。因此，本研究參考各國（荷蘭、葡萄牙以及美國俄勒岡州）對施用毒品行為除罪化之政策，尤其是對藥癮者進行多元處遇措施以及社區處遇等經驗，作為未來我國施用二級毒品除罪化之借鏡與啟示。 綜合各國立法政策與我國現況，本研究認為應對施用二級毒品者以行政罰進行管制，並對藥癮者採取機構外處遇模式。以減害治療為方針，透過轉向措施進行多元的社區處遇計畫，如電子監控、個案治療師以及家庭支持等；或增進社區處遇銜接機制之方案，如中途之家、康復熱線、職業訓練以及輔導就業等。並且，將社區處遇法制化，增進政府與民間團體對藥癮者提供金援的意願。使藥癮者在戒癮需求上獲得滿足，真正復歸社會。
並列摘要
Drug crime has consistently been ranked first among the types of crime. Among them, the most controversial is whether drug use has the legitimacy of criminal punishment. However, even if it is finally determined that drug use is feasible to decriminalize, in terms of policy implementation, it would be too risky to decriminalize drug use, including first-class drug use, immediately. Therefore, this study uses second-class drug use as an analysis. The rest of the drug levels will not be repeated. Furthermore, drug use is self-injurious, so the inclusion of drug users in criminal law has been discussed. Moreover, the severe punishment under the drug war also confirms that cracking down on the demand side will not solve the problem of drug addicts but will worsen it. Therefore, the medical concept and the decriminalization thinking of harm reduction treatment are gradually voiced. Is it necessary to criminalise drug use? After discussing the controversy of drug decriminalization, this paper argues that even if it admits the existence of its perishability, it is doubtful on the level of perishability based on the principle of last resort in criminal law. The current drug policy is based on the "Drug Hazard Prevention Ordinance", which adopts the "conditional exoneration but not exculpatory" approach. Drug addicts are regarded as "sick criminals", and first-time offenders are subject to security measures instead of criminal penalties. Combining judicial coercive force with addiction treatment can still not effectively solve the drug problem. Therefore, this study refers to the policies of various countries (Netherlands, Portugal, and Oregon, USA) on decriminalizing drug use, especially the experience of multiple treatment measures and community treatment for drug addicts, as the future use of secondary drugs in my country. Mirror and revelation of decriminalization. Based on various countries' legislative policies and my country's current situation, this study believes that administrative penalties should control second-class drug users, and drug addicts should be treated outside the institution. Using harm reduction treatment as the guideline, various community treatment programs are implemented through diversion measures, such as electronic monitoring, case, therapists, family support, training, and employment counselling. In addition, the legalisation of community treatment will increase the willingness of the government and civil society to provide financial assistance to drug addicts. So that drug addicts can meet their addiction needs and return to the community.