- 學位論文
應用集水區降雨逕流模式 建立流量率定曲線之研究
Research on Establishment of Flow Rate Curve Using Rainfall-Runoff Model in Catchment Area
摘要
由於近年台灣地區各流域內土地開發程度增加，造成洪峰流量提升，所以面臨颱風或暴雨時，洪水災害對河岸住戶會造成相當程度的影響，在這樣的環境下，集水區降雨逕流量估算及河川水位變化就顯得重要。目前桃園市市管河川及市管區域排水已設置多處水位觀測站，其主要目的做為洪水防災預警之用，但這些水位觀測站尚無相對應流量觀測紀錄，使得於河川治理規劃與防災預警上仍不夠完備。為探討桃園市各河川水位觀測站之水位-流量關係，本研究選定老街溪與埔心溪流域為研究場址，通過地理資訊系統(GIS)與集水區模擬系統(WMS)進行兩流域之水文及水理模擬，據以建立水位站的水位-流量關係率定曲線。 桃園市政府設置水位站迄今因觀測時間尚短，尚無長期觀測紀錄。故本研究選用近年三場實際暴雨事件，及採用美國水土保持局發展之SCS曲線值法，考慮流域內土地利用、土壤分類等以計算CN值，搭配合成三角形單位歷線，輸入至HEC-1水文分析模式中進行流量歷線模擬。其次，根據老街溪與埔心溪河道大斷面資料，配合流量歷線輸入至HEC-RAS河道演算模式中進行一維變量流水理模擬，可得到控制點各時間水位變化。最後將控制點模擬水位與實際觀測水位進行比較，驗證其洪峰水位值及洪峰稽延時間是否合理據以調整參數。結果顯示，本研究所選用降雨事件其演算結果不論水位變化與洪水到達時間，其模擬水位與洪峰到達時間均與觀測值相近，可驗證模式在此兩流域適用性良好。最後依據模擬成果建立各水位站之水位-流量率定曲線，可提供桃園市府在洪災預警與工程規劃時之參考。
並列摘要
Due to the increase in land development in various watersheds in Taiwan in recent years, the peak flow of floods has increased. Therefore, when faced with typhoons or heavy rains, flood disasters will have a considerable impact on river banks. and river water level changes are more important. At present, many water level observation stations have been set up in many rivers and regional drainage in Taoyuan City, the main purpose of which is to serve as a reference for flood prevention and early warning. However, these water level observation stations have no corresponding flow observation records, making river governance and disaster prevention and early warning still incomplete. . In order to explore the water level-discharge relationship of various rivers in Taoyuan City, this study selected the Laojie Creek and Puxin Creek watersheds as the research sites. Based on the hydrological and hydraulic simulation of the Xinxi watershed, the water level-discharge relationship calibration curve of the control points in the two watersheds was established. Due to the fact that the Taoyuan Municipal Government has set up a water level station for a short period of time, there is no long-term observation record. Therefore, in this study, three actual rainfall events in recent years were selected, and the SCS curve value method developed by the United States Bureau of Water and Soil Conservation was used to calculate the CN value by considering the land use and soil classification in the watershed, and the synthetic triangle unit calendar was input to HEC-1 The flow history simulation is performed in the hydrological analysis mode. Secondly, according to the channel cross-section data of Laojie Creek and Puxin Creek, and input the flow history into the HEC-RAS channel routing model, a one-dimensional variable flow hydraulic simulation was carried out, and the water level changes at each time of the control points were obtained. Finally, compare the simulated water level of the control point with the actual observed water level to verify whether the flood peak water level and the flood peak delay time are reasonable and adjust the simulation parameters accordingly. The comparison results show that the calculation results of the rainfall events selected in this study are similar to the observed values regardless of the water level change and the arrival time of the flood. Finally, according to the simulation results, the water level-flow rate curve of each water level station is established to provide the Taoyuan City Government with a reference for flood warning and engineering planning.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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