社會住宅不同屬性住戶使用認知之比較研究—以南港東明社會住宅為例

近年來在房價不斷攀升的情況下，台北市首當其衝面臨到龐大的居住需求，以及舊有國宅、平宅因其設備老舊、內部髒亂，造成居住品質低落，國人觀感不佳等問題。目前北市府正積極興建社會住宅，為了降低民眾的鄰避效應，也包括將舊有平宅、國宅進行原址重建。本研究藉由南港東明社會住宅為案例，以現行入住東明社會住宅之原有國宅戶及其他新遷入之住戶分別作為兩群體，探討具台肥國宅生活經驗之住戶與一般住戶對社宅需求及居住滿意程度上之差異。本研究進行程序如下：第一階段：蒐集相關文獻，回顧台灣社會住宅發展歷程以及從原台肥國宅到東明社會住宅之開發過程；第二階段：進行實地訪查，瞭解原台肥國宅住戶過去的生活經驗以及目前的居住情形；第三階段：透過問卷調查，瞭解原台肥國宅住戶與一般戶遷入後的住宅使用狀況，探討兩者遷入新建社會住宅之使用後差異，並分析影響住戶使用觀感差異的因素。研究結果發現，兩群體的背景變項對居住空間使用、社宅歸屬感及居住滿意度皆具顯著差異。其中因原台肥戶平均家庭人口數較多，故其對於空間的需求量也較大，並且分析結果顯示原台肥戶在專有空間上較重視空間大小及收納空間，一般戶則對於居住品質，如居住私密性、室內空氣品質、通風等項目較為重視；而在共有空間上，原台肥戶對於電梯與地下停車空間較為重視，一般戶則對門廳、安全性、外觀美感及出入口動線較為重視。且年齡、家庭成員數量、家庭型態及目前居住房型皆會影響兩群體在臥室、浴室、客廳、廚房及陽台空間的滿意程度。在社宅歸屬感部分，原台肥戶在活動參與意願及在社會住宅內部的社交狀況皆低於一般戶，而當社宅歸屬感越高，對於東明社會住宅的滿意程度也會越高，因此透過了解當地居住需求，並因地制宜規劃；以及重視社區內部交流，建立良好鄰里關係以提升住民歸屬感，皆為往後興建相似社宅中需要關切的課題。

關鍵字

社會住宅；使用需求；居住滿意度；使用認知；使用後評估

並列摘要

In recent years, housing prices have been rising, and Taipei City is the first to face a huge demand for housing, and the old national housing and affordable housing have low living quality due to old equipment and dirty interior, which makes people feel bad. At present, the Taipei City Government is actively building social housing. In order to reduce the NIMBY effect of the people, it also includes rebuilding old affordable housing and national housing. Taking Nangang Dongming social housing as an example, this research takes the Taifei national housing households who are currently living in Dongming social housing and other households who have moved in as two groups, respectively, to explore the difference between the households with Taifei national housing life experience and the general population. Residents' demand for social housing and differences in housing satisfaction. The first stage of the research is to collect relevant literature, review the development process of social housing in Taiwan and the development process from Taifei national housing to Dongming social housing; Life experience and the current living situation; the third stage is to understand the residential use status of the original Taifei national housing residents and ordinary residents through a questionnaire survey, to explore the differences after the two have moved into the new social housing, and to analyze the impact on the residents. Use the factor of perception difference. The results of the study found that the background variables of the two groups had significant differences in the use of living space, social housing belonging, and residential satisfaction. Among them, because the average household size of the original Taifei households is relatively large, their demand for space is also relatively large, and the analysis results show that the original Taifei residents pay more attention to the space size and storage space in the exclusive space, while the general residents pay more attention to the living quality, such as living privacy, indoor air quality, and ventilation items; and in the shared space, the original Taifei households pay more attention to elevators and underground parking spaces, while general households pay more attention to foyer, safety, appearance, entrance and exit lines. Moreover, age, number of family members, family type and current living room type will affect the satisfaction of the two groups in the bedroom, bathroom, living room, kitchen and balcony space. In the part of the sense of belonging to the social housing, the willingness to participate in activities and the social status in the social housing of the original Taifei households are lower than those of the general households, and the higher the sense of belonging to the social housing, the higher the satisfaction level of the social housing in Dongming. Therefore, By understanding the living needs of each place, and properly planning according to the characteristics there; and attaching importance to the communication within the community and establishing a good neighborhood relationship to enhance the sense of belonging of the residents are all issues that need to be concerned about in the construction of similar social housing in the future.