育成中心經營關鍵要素之研究

台灣經濟以中小企業為主，在從事創新與創業上有其侷限性，因此會有創業育成服務(Incubation service)的產業，來滿足創業者在創業過程中之需求。育成服務在屬性上，是一種訂有期間的一次性連續服務組合，服務期間為期甚長，且需要借助外部育成資源的支持與協助來提供服務。至於被育成者在接受服務之前，多數並無使用服務之相關經驗，且再次使用服務的機會不大。綜合育成服務之屬性，探討育成中心的經營，可分別由「服務提供者--創業育成機構(Incubator)」、「服務接受者--被育成者(Incubatee)」與「服務環境--創業育成生態系統(Incubation Eco-System)」等三個層面來探討。本研究所謂的創業育成機構是指各類型廣義的育成中心；被育成者，係指創業前期或後期接受創業育成機構提供服務的個體(entities)；而創業生態建構一個支撐與滿足創業家需要的環境，以便能持續的激發新創業的投入。本實證研究藉由個案訪談、文獻探討以及德菲法來建構電子問卷來探討育成中心經營的關鍵因素，問卷項目之衡量指標採李克特(Likert Scale)五點量表，以創育機構專屬網站中所列台灣地區的育成中心之工作人員和進駐廠家為收集對象，共計回收有效問卷364份。從回收問卷中分析：「取得資金」、「驗證商業模式」與「市場開發」等是進駐者的主要目的；「社會關係網絡(策略夥伴) 」、「地理位置」、「大學或研究機構附設研發中心」與「收費標準」等是吸引進駐的主要條件；至於育成中心經營項目的重要性依序為「社會關係網絡(畢業tenor的組織與聚會)」、「資金募集與融資管道」、「展演日(demo day)的辦理」、「智財權服務(技術鑑價、授權)」、「輔導業師的指派」與「法律、財務服務」。經統計分析影響育成中心經營的「創業生態」、「服務模式」、「服務提供」、「服務品質」以及「顧客價值」等五個構面間，存在正向顯著關係，而「經營理念」、「關鍵活動」、「服務人員」、「育成中心專業服務的及時性、方便性、有形性」、「核心能力」、「衡量機制」、「社會和商業鏈結網絡」、「顧客喜悅」以及「感知價值」等變項是育成中心經營之關鍵要素。可以做為國內育成中心設置或營運之參考。

關鍵字

國家創新主體；創新育成中心；創新螺旋；顧客價值；創業生態系統；德菲法

並列摘要

Entrepreneurship and innovation are often considered to be the effective ways to develop knowledge economy and national development, it can create jobs, increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and productivity. Most of Taiwan’s enterprises are small and medium-sized, and Startups are also small or micro in scale. Therefore, it might need to use entrepreneurship incubation services to obtain external resources and assistance to smoothly innovate capabilities and start a new business. Entrepreneurial incubation services are mainly to meet the needs of entrepreneurs in the process of starting a business. Most of “Incubatees” receive resources, consulting and business support services provided by entrepreneurial incubators in early or late stage of entrepreneurship. However, most of incubatees have no relevant experience before accepting the service, therefore, customer value proposed, perceived or experienced will be factors affecting service adoption. This empirical research framework is based on questionnaire used 5-point Likert response scale system was constructed through case interviews, literature research and the Delphi method, and was distributed by email and i-message to designed tenors and personnel of incubator from Startup website hosted by Taiwan government to collect data. The main purposes of the tenors to adopt incubation, main conditions for attracting tenors and key business projects of the incubation center are analyzed from the returned questionnaires. According to statistical analysis, there is a positive and significant relationship among the five constraints of "Entrepreneurial Ecology", "Service Model", "Service Provision", "Service Quality" and "Customer Value", while variables such as "Business Model", "Key Activities", "Service Personnel", "Timeliness, Convenience, and Tangibility of Professional Services of Incubation Center", "Core Competencies", "Measuring Mechanism of customer value", "Social and Business Linking Network", "Customer Delight" and "Perceived Value" are the key factors of entrepreneurial incubation centers. It can be used as a reference for the setting or operation of domestic incubation centers

並列關鍵字

National Innovation Entity ； Entrepreneurship Incubation Service ； Helix Model of Innovation ； Customer Value ； Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ； Delphi Method