在不同考試威脅情境下高、低特質考試焦慮者對於考試相關刺激的注意力偏誤

高特質焦慮者與焦慮相關障礙症的注意力偏誤特性，仍是許多研究探究的焦點。然而，考試焦慮涉及注意力偏誤特性的研究相對較少。本研究旨在了解考試焦慮對注意力的攫取與脫離，隨著時間的變化有何不同。實驗中邀請高、低特質考試焦慮的參與者，並將兩組參與者隨機分派至高或低考試威脅情境，使用點偵測派典（偵測作業）觀察在100毫秒、500毫秒與1250毫秒刺激呈現時距，高特質考試焦慮者對考試威脅刺激是否有注意力偏誤的現象，以及是何種特性的注意力偏誤。研究結果發現：（1）500毫秒刺激呈現時距中，觀察到高特質考試焦慮個體在高考試威脅情境中，對考試威脅刺激產生脫離困難；（2）在1250毫秒刺激呈現時距，高特質考試焦慮者處在高考試威脅情境裏頭，對考試威脅刺激有逃避現象；最後，（3）在低考試威脅情境下，低特質考試焦慮者在100毫秒與1250毫秒刺激呈現時距，對考試無關刺激會有較快的反應時間。後續將探討考試焦慮的注意力偏誤特性對心理治療的運用及未來研究可行的方向。

關鍵字

考試焦慮；點偵測；快速攫取；脫離困難；逃避現象；刺激呈現時距

並列摘要

Studying on characterizing attention to threat effects of high trait anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, so far, there are many kinds of research focus on it. The studies of characterizing attention to threat of test anxiety are not enough to campare with others characterizing attention to threat of anxiety-related disorders. The present study investigates capture attention and disengagement attention to threat of test anxiety under different stimulus onset asynchrony. The experiment included high test anxiety trait individuals (HTA) and low test anxiety trait individuals (LTA) under high test anxiety state situation or low test anxiety state situation, the subjects completed dot probe task in which test threat-neutral (T-N)and neutral-neutral (N-N) word pairs with 100ms, 500ms, and 1250ms stimulus onset asynchrony(SOA). The results demonstrated that: (1) HTA subjects showed maintenance of attention on test threat words under 500ms SOA; (2) HTA subjects showed avoidance oftest threat words under 1250ms SOA; (3) LTA subjects with low test anxiety state showed fast respond time to test-unrelated words under 100ms and 1250ms SOA relatively. These results suggest that, HTA subjects are also prone to maintenance and avoidance of attentional bias towards test-related threat stimuli. The study finds in relation to psychological intervention and implications for future research are discussed.