- 學位論文
男女有別的領導優勢：正向違反性別角色期待所造成的效果
Male and female leadership advantage are distinct from each other: Violation of gender-role expectations and its effect
摘要
社會大眾對兩性角色與領導者角色擁有不同的角色預期，因此對於展現相同領導風格之領導者也會因其性別不同而產生觀感上的差異，但過去研究對於領導者角色應該一致或違反以及其對部屬的影響有著不同的推論假設與結果，本研究目的在於了解兩性領導者採用正向違反領導風格時的優勢為何。本研究採取情境問卷的混和設計方式，分為正向違反女性、正向違反男性以及中性三種領導風格描述的情境，並藉由不同性別的領導者呈現相同的領導風格進行比較，共計120位大學生參與本問卷研究。結果發現，不同性別在展現與自身相異特質的領導風格時的確會使他人產生較高的角色違反知覺。當男性領導者在展現正向違反男性領導風格時，受試者對其偏好程度、正向行為反應程度皆較高；當女性領導者展現中性領導風格時，受試者對其偏好程度與正向行為反應皆較高，顯示領導風格對部屬的影響會因領導者性別有所差異。最後，針對本研究結果進行討論以及對研究限制加以說明，並基於研究發現對未來研究方向以及實務工作者提供建議。
並列摘要
Differences in male and female gender-role expectations are so salient that the same leadership role played by male and female leaders may be perceived very differently. To clarify the inconsistent predictions and findings in the prior literature, this study employed a mixed-design scenario experiment to examine effects of favorable violation of gender-role expectations in the leadership context. A hundred and twenty college students participated in this study to read various descriptions of leader behavior (i.e., behavior that favorably violates female gender roles, male gender roles, or is neutral to gender roles) demonstrated by either male or female leaders. Consistent with my predictions, results showed that male leaders displaying behavior that favorably violates their gender roles were liked most and elicit highest levels of positive evaluation. However, I did not find similar results for female leaders; female leaders adopting leadership behavior neutral to gender roles, rather than that favorably violates their gender roles, were liked most and received more positive evaluation. Results above suggest that gender and leadership roles do interact with each other to affect subordinates’ perceptions. Contributions, limitations, suggestions for future studies, and managerial implications of this study were then discussed.