頸部角度對電腦工作者肌肉骨骼影響之評估研究

在電腦網路普及之後，電腦工作者皆會因長時間姿勢不良帶來肌肉痠痛與骨骼不適。過去研究報告大多針對視覺機能負擔來做實驗，如：螢幕的大小、眼睛與螢幕的距離或眼睛水平視線與螢幕的高度…等，鮮少有對長時間使用電腦造成肩頸疲勞的研究，然而頸部角度與肌肉舒適程度，其實是息息相關的。就算眼睛視線與顯示器達到良好的水平高度，使用者也往往會忽略了頸部角度是否在適當的範圍內。通常電腦工作者皆會使用自身固有姿勢(Inherent Posture)，且在不自覺的情況下，長時間以不當的姿勢持續進行操作。為徹底瞭解頸部角度與操作疲勞程度間的關係，本研究將分為兩個階段實驗。第一階段利用EMG (Electromyography)生理放大器量測人體於不同頸部角度下，操作電腦時會影響的三條肌肉所施力之情況；第二階段則是請受測者於第一階段實驗後，填寫CR-10主觀知覺施力評估量表，以瞭解受測者的自身感受。所量測的三條肌肉分別為頸部夾肌(Splenius Cervicis Muscle)、背部斜方肌(Trapezius Muscle)和肩部三角肌(Anterior Deltoid Muscle)。研究樣本為20位20至25歲的健康男女，受測者均為長時間的電腦操作者，年資超過五年，其頸部與脊椎皆未受過重大傷害。之後透過肌電儀觀察每位受測者於不同的頸部角度下操作電腦20~30分鐘間肌肉的施力變化，再進行後續資料的ANOVA分析。研究結果顯示，透過EMG生理放大器所量測之數據，頸部角度僅對頸部夾肌有顯著的影響，但受測者自身感知卻顯示「當頸部角度越小時，三條肌肉皆感受到疲勞」，推斷自身感知會因為部分肌肉痠痛影響其他部位的感知，使操作者整體感受到疲勞而影響工作效率。

關鍵字

頸部角度；電腦工作者；肌電儀；感覺盡力程度評級表；心理測量；生理測量

並列摘要

As the computer and network technology had been even more popular in daily life, computer workers would be suffered with muscle pain and bone discomfort due to long time operation. Most of the past research or experiments were focusing on the visual functional burden. For instance, the size of the screen, the distance between the eyes and the screen, or the horizontal line between sight and the height of the screen…, etc. There was few research which had been studied on the long-time computer user to cause shoulder and neck fatigue. However, we all knew that neck angle and visual comfort is closely related. Even if the eyes and screen had achieved a well horizontal line, the computer worker might also neglect the neck angle which is within the appropriate range or not. Normally computer workers would operate computers with their own inherent posture in operation, and unconsciously use the improper posture continually. For understanding these issues thoroughly, this research will be divided into two main sessions of the experiments. The former session, in physiological points of view, as the workers operate computer will affect three kinds of muscles, then using the electromyography to measure the human body at different neck angles; the later session is to let testees fill in the CR-10 Rated Perceived Exertion Scale to understand the subject's own feelings. The measuring three muscles were including: Splenius Cervicis Muscle, Trapezius Muscle and Anterior Deltoid Muscle. The testees in this research were 20 healthy human beings of aged from 20 to 25 years old, who had been operating the computer for more than five years, and never been seriously injured in body before. Using the EMG to observe of each different neck angle’s muscle force changes when operation of the computer from 20 to 30 minutes, then getting the data for ANOVA analysis thereafter. Finally, in this research revealed, data measured by EMG that the neck angles had a significant effect on the Splenius Cervicis muscle, however the testees’ own perception showed different information. That is, when the neck angle was smaller, the three muscles would have fatigue feeling. It was inferred that testees’ overall own perception in fatigue was affected by part of the muscle fatigue affect the perception of other parts of body. This was the reason that long-time computer operators felt fatigue in operation and even affected their work’s efficiency.

並列關鍵字

Neck angle ； Cervical Angle ； Computer worker ； Electromyography ； Rated Perceived Exertion Scale ； Psychological Measurement ； Physiological Measurement

參考文獻

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頸部角度對電腦工作者肌肉骨骼影響之評估研究

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