外牆窗框崁縫之防滲水研究

本研究以製作實驗樣本之混凝土模型操作，實驗崁縫構造變化造成之內牆含水量，探討建築物外牆窗框崁縫施工之防滲水問題，藉以提出幾個新的、可供業界參考之研究結果。實驗操作，在於檢視崁縫構造變項組合：（一）窗框下框型式之構造採用高低框，（二）外牆崁縫下緣斜率外低內高型式，（三）崁縫材料使用袋裝型混凝土沙漿與否，及（四）混凝土外牆窗戶開口採用內凹法（外部開口小於內部開口），改變窗框之崁縫形式。這些變項組合成兩個實驗模型，為實驗組。控制組則為以傳統施工模式之兩個模型，分別依照磁磚及花崗石外牆飾材工法製作。透過混凝土含水量檢測計，測量實驗模型之內部表面含水量，得知若採用（一）窗框之高低框構造，可讓崁縫施工時層層堆疊及緊實，（二）配合混凝土窗戶開口，製造出下緣斜率型式外低內高，不易停留雨水可減少雨水的虹吸現像，（三）使用袋裝型崁縫材，水泥+砂這種固定配比當填縫材，較可靠。相較之下，傳統散裝砂+袋裝水泥填縫材，有較多人為使用誤差。整體而言，高低窗「窗框形式」、袋裝型「崁縫材料」，及窗框崁縫下緣外低內高之「施工設計」，較其他組合之防滲水效果。

關鍵字

窗戶；防水；滲水；崁縫；施工品質

並列摘要

This study used the miniature concrete model to test the variation in internal wall moisture content caused by the difference in quilted structure. Through the review of related studies, this study further discussed the leakage problem of quilting construction around windows on the external wall. From a series of experimental studies proposed a number of new, practical recommendations for the industry. This study conducted four different combinations of the quilted structure: 1. using high/low frame section on the bottom frame of the window, 2. tilted outward on the bottom of the quilted structure on the external wall, 3. whether or not using the premixed cement pack as the model building material, and 4. using concave section that makes the external opening smaller than the internal one. These models form the experimental test samples to be submerged into water tanks respectively. The controlled group is formed by two concrete models constructed through traditional construction method, using in-situ cement and sand mixture, coupled with tiles and granite on the external wall finish. The experimental group is formed by the models constructed with the premixed cement mixture. To determine how well the quilting works, a moisture meter is employed to measure diverse spots on the interior surface of the models. It can to concluded, 1. consolidated design of high/low structure on the window frame can be regarded more consolidated and water resistant, 2 making the window frame to tilt outward can create the siphon phenomenon, 3 using premixed cement mixture as quilting material is more reliable than using traditional material. The results showed that the samples of experimenta group are more efficient in anti-leakage performances.