建築開口之室內光影效果與心理感知之關聯性

Relationship between Psychological Perception andInterior Lighting Effects Caused by Building Openings

黃品芸(Pin-Yun Huang)

指導教授 ： 謝明燁

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700763

摘要

路易‧康(Louisi Isidore Kahn)說過：「自然光從來不知道自己有多好，直到他遇到建築為止。」光在建築空間中扮演重要的角色，不同形式的開口伴隨著陽光穿透，在空間中營造出不同的氛圍，而呈現出不同的藝術、氣氛和風貌，進一步引起人們視覺與心理上的變化。在過去建築史中，可以看到許多運用自然光詮釋空間情境的作品，如柯比意(Le Corbusier)的廊香教堂、安藤忠雄(Andou Tadao)的光之教堂等，這些案例中的開口不盡相同，卻總能讓人感受到其中的感動，但什麼樣的建築開口會使人得到什麼樣的感受卻不得而知。本研究以此觀點出發，透過案例開口樣式的歸納與探討，釐清開口形式及光影對於心理感知的影響。
本研究主要分為兩個階段，第一階段主要以問卷調查方式探討不同開口形式光影變化對心理感知的影響，透過隨機排列各種不同開口形式之縮尺模型拍攝後的平面影像，讓受測者針對各光影空間進行主觀評價，並以統計方法分析不同開口形式給予人的心理感知。第二階段則是以文獻中的案例評論與第一階段的實驗結果做比較，進一步比較實驗結果與實際體驗後的感知差異。
研究結果顯示，(一)不同開口所形成的室內光影效果，確實會影響人的心理感受。相似的開口設計，會因為開口位置、尺寸與整體空間的比例不同，以及引進光的角度不同，影響光線進入室內的強弱以及分布，導致產生不同的心理感受。在點狀、線狀及面狀開口條件下，其容易產生的心理感受分別為：點狀開口的光影空間，容易給予人封閉的感受；線狀開口的光影空間，容易給予人安靜的感受；面狀開口的光影空間，容易給予人舒適的與開放的感受。(二) 是否受過空間設計相關的教育背景，會影響人對於空間開口形成的光影感受差異。點狀開口的光影空間，在「安靜的/熱鬧的」與「舒適的/不舒適的」感受上差異較大；線狀開口的光影空間，在「無趣的/有趣的」與「醜的/美的」感受上差異較大；面狀開口的光影空間，在「無趣的/有趣的」與「有變化的/單調的」感受上差異較大。

關鍵字

光 ； 光影 ； 開口 ； 心理 ； 氣氛

並列摘要

Louis I. Kahn once said, “The sun never knew how great it was until it hit the side of a building,” meaning light plays an important role in architectural spaces. As sunlight penetrates through different openings, it creates different atmospheres in spaces. However, different arts, atmospheres, and styles further arouse people's visual and psychological changes. In the history of architecture, there are many works that use natural light to interpret spatial situations, such as Chapelle de Ronchamp by Le Corbusier and the Church of Light by Tadao Andou. While the openings in these cases are different, they always make people feel touched. It remains unknown how building openings affect people’s feelings. Based on this point of view, this study clarifies the influence of opening forms, light, and shadow on psychological perception through the induction and discussion of opening styles.
This study is divided into two stages. Through questionnaires, the first stage mainly discusses the influence of different forms of openings and changes between light and shadow on psychological perception. The subjects are asked to subjectively rate light and shadow spaces after seeing the plane images taken of scale models with random arrangements of various forms of openings. The psychological perceptions of different openings are analyzed by statistics. The second stage compares the case reviews in literature with the experimental results in the first stage, and compares the differences between the experimental results and actual experience.
First, the results suggest that indoor lighting, as formed by different openings, actually affect people's psychological feelings. Similar opening designs can affect the intensity and distribution of the light entering the room, and lead to different psychological feelings if there are slight differences in open positions, sizes, proportion of the entire space, or angle of light. Under the conditions of point, linear, and surface openings, psychological feelings are, as follows. In point openings, it gives people the feeling of closure. In linear openings, it is easy to feel quiet. In surface openings, it makes people feel comfortable and open. Secondly, people’s knowledge of space design will affect their perceptions of light and shadow in different openings. In point openings, there are great differences between quiet or lively and comfortable or uncomfortable feelings. In linear openings, such difference lies between boring or interesting and ugly or beautiful. In surface openings, there are great differences between boring or interesting and changeable or monotonous.

並列關鍵字

Light ； light and shadow ； openings ； psychological perception ； atmosphere

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