頭頸部癌症患者的身體意象、社會自我效能與生活品質之關聯

Relationships among Body Image, Social Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life with Head and Neck Cancer Patients

紀郁君(Yu-Chun Chi)

指導教授 ： 黃君瑜

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201400056

摘要

研究背景與目的：從文獻回顧中發現，頭頸部癌症患者由於特殊的病灶位置與治療方式，可能使得身體意象產生變化，對患者的生活適應具有影響性，且在社交層面相關部份尤為明顯，因此本研究考量可促進個人社會適應的社會自我效能作為中介因子，並以生活品質、人際關係滿意度作為適應指標，希冀瞭解頭頸部癌症患者的身體意象、社會自我效能與生活適應的關聯性。
研究方法：採取橫斷式設計，以頭頸部癌症患者為研究對象，共計150名。研究工具為基本資料表、身體意象量表、社會自我效能量表、人際關係滿意度量表及癌症治療指標之功能性評估表－頭頸癌。資料分析以變異數分析、相關分析與階層迴歸分析進行假設考驗。
研究結果：（1）身體意象、社會自我效能與生活品質各範疇及人際關係滿意度呈顯著相關，患者知覺到的身體意象與社會自我效能愈差，則會報告較差的生活品質與人際關係滿意度；（2）身體意象與社會自我效能皆能預測生活品質各範疇及人際關係滿意度的表現；（3）患者所知覺到的社會自我效能在身體意象與生活品質間具有部分中介效果；（4）患者所知覺到的社會自我效能在身體意象與人際關係滿意度間具有部分中介效果；（5）除了生活品質中的生理健康狀況與情緒穩定狀況範疇，口腔癌患者知覺到的身體意象、社會自我效能、人際關係滿意度以及生活品質皆較鼻咽癌患者差。
結論：頭頸癌患者的生活適應中，除了身體意象外，社會自我效能亦扮演一個重要的角色。因此本研究建議未來臨床實務工作者可依此方向提供心理社會介入，並留意適應困難風險較高的口腔癌患者，以增進患者的生活品質。

關鍵字

頭頸部癌症 ； 身體意象 ； 社會自我效能 ； 生活品質

並列摘要

Background and purpose：From the literature review, we found that head and neck cancer patients due to the unique lesion location and treatment, the body image may change and thus have impact on patients’ life adjustment, especially in social domain. In this study, we consider the social self-efficacy which promotes personal social adaptation as a mediator. In order to understand the correlation between body image, social self-efficacy and quality of life, we use quality of life and interpersonal satisfaction as an indicator of life adjustment.
Methods：This study is based on cross-sectional design. A total of 150 patients with head and neck cancer were included. The tools we used in this study including the basic information questionnaire, Body Image Scale, Perceived Social Self-Efficacy, Interpersonal Satisfaction Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale- Head and Neck. The statistical analyses included correlation, analysis of covariance, and hierarchical regression analysis.
Results：(1) Significant associations were found between body image, social self-efficacy, interpersonal satisfaction and all domains of quality of life. Patients who perceived worse body image and social self-efficacy reported poorer quality of life and interpersonal satisfaction; (2) Body image and social self-efficacy are the predictor of interpersonal satisfaction and quality of life; (3) Patients perceived social self-efficacy were partially mediated between body image and all domains of quality of life; (4) The social self-efficacy perceived by patients were partially mediated between body image and interpersonal satisfaction; (5) Except for physical and emotional well-being, oral cancer patients perceived poorer body image, social self-efficacy, interpersonal satisfaction and quality of life than nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Conclusion：In addition to body image, we found that the social self-efficacy plays an important role in the adjustment process for patients with head and neck cancer. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of life of these patients, we suggest that clinicians provide psychosocial intervention on these topics, especially to patients with oral cancer who are more difficult to adapt.

並列關鍵字

Quality of life ； Head and neck cancer ； Body image ； Social Self-Efficacy

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