本研究在多國產業關聯的架構下,以投入產出價格模型比較分析我國及世界主要國家在面臨能源價格上漲時,針對重要民生消費品價格進行管制對防制整體物價過度上漲的效果。本研究除了做跨國的比較外,也進行跨年度的比較分析;除此之外,也針對一定期間整體物價水準因為能源價格上漲所產生的變化,進行結構分解分析,以探討造成物價水準變動的關鍵因素為何,進而從他國的產業發展及調整經驗中,釐出值得我國在制定因應政策時借鏡參考的地方。 實證分析方面,本研究採用歐盟最新發佈的2014年世界投入產出表 (World Input-Output Tables; WIOTs),以之建立多國之投入產出價格模型,再進行相關之分析。本研究的計算及分析範圍包含44個國家或地區,逐年分析之期間為2000至2014年,而結構分解分析的期間則為2000年與2014年之間。針對我國及韓國、日本之分析比較結果發現,採用價格管制的方法,在受能源衝擊時可降低消費者物價指數的強度依序為日本、韓國及台灣;而價格管制下消費者物價指數差異之結構分解分析結果顯示,與韓國相比,2000-2014年間,台灣的電力部門及石油煉製品部門在生產投入結構的調整上落後韓國,為兩國價格管制效果有所差異的主要原因。
This study explores the relative effectiveness of price control for certain consumer goods and services on the general price level of Taiwan and other major economies in the face of rising energy prices. The majority of the analysis is conducted by an input-output price model, under an inter-country industrial linkage framework. Aside from cross-country comparisons, this study also examines and compares the trends of the effects over time. Moreover, structural decomposition analyses between periods are performed to figure out the factors most attributable to the change of the price level resulting from a rise in energy prices. Empirically, this study makes use of the newly published 2014 World Input-Output Tables (WIOTs) by the European Union to set up the multi-country price models for the analysis. Our analysis covers 44 countries or regions and spans from 2000 to 2014. Structural decomposition analysis, however, is conducted mainly for the changes between 2000 and 2014. The results show that, price control would be relatively more effective for Japan than for Korea and Taiwan in easing the rise of CPI due to energy price hikes. With regard to which factor would be most responsible for the differential effects found between Taiwan and Korea over the 2000-2014 periods, our results reveal that the relatively slow adjustment in production technology for energy sectors in Taiwan might be accounted for.