華語小說中文化詞語分類之研究

近幾年來，學習華語的趨勢與華語教學領域的熱度日益增加，全球學習、使用華語的人數在2017年就已突破一億。在這樣的熱潮下，華語教學所使用、接觸到的教材也日趨多元，例如：新聞、文學作品……等。　　不過這些多元的教材融入華語教學的操作並不容易；再者，相關的研究也不多。這些多元教材中所使用的詞語有一定的難度，許多詞語背後包含極深的文化意義，因此學習者對於該文化詞語的理解就產生了困難；反之，有些文化詞語的困難度不高，因此教師並不用花太多的時間與心力解釋或操練；此外，教師的教學順序、方式也容易改變學生的學習成果。本研究第一階段，研究者將採取文獻分析法（Document Analysis），分析目前針對文化詞語相關研究的文獻或專書，確立小說作品中的文化詞語定義及分類方式，以便華語教師教授文化詞語的過程；在篩選文化詞語上，亦能夠更加符合教學過程並提高效率。第二階段，研究者將採取問卷調查研究法（Questionnaire Survey Research），利用華語教師的作答以及回饋內容，檢視文化詞語的分類方式是否符合華語教師的需求，並且以華語教師的回饋修正文化詞語的分類方法、分析文化詞語教學待改進之處。最後，根據研究結果與結論提出相關的建議，作為未來華語教師進行文化詞語教學的參考。

關鍵字

文化詞語教學；文化詞語；華語小說

並列摘要

In recent years, the trend of learning Chinese and teaching Chinese as a second language has grown up faster and faster. The number of people learning and speaking Chinese exceeded one hundred million. Under the situation, the teaching materials we used and got are becoming more and more diverse, such as news, literary works, etc. However, it is not easy to integrate these diverse teaching materials into Chinese teaching. Secondly, there are not many related studies about this issue. The words used in these multiple teaching materials are difficult to a certain extent, and many words contain profound cultural meanings, so it is difficult for learners to understand these cultural words. On the contrary, the difficulty of some cultural words is not great, so Chinese teachers do not need to spend too much time and effort explaining or practicing. In addition, teachers' teaching sequence and methods can easily influence students' learning outcomes. In the first stage of this research, the researchers will adopt the method of Document Analysis to analyze the current literature or books on cultural words and establish the definitions and classification methods of cultural words in Chinese novels in order to facilitate the process of Chinese language teachers teaching cultural words. In the filtering of cultural words, it can also be more in line with the teaching process and improve efficiency. In the second stage, the researcher will adopt the Questionnaire Survey Research method. By using the responses and feedback content of Chinese teachers, we can check whether the classification of cultural words meets the needs of Chinese teachers. Furthermore, we can use the data to modify the classification or analysis the teaching needs to be improved or not. Finally, according to the research results and conclusions, the researcher will propose some relevant suggestions as references for future Chinese teachers to teach cultural words.