言中之聖言：奧古斯丁《論教師》的研究

The Word of Words: A Study of Augustine’s On the Teacher

游瑩萱(Yin-Xuan Yu)

指導教授 ： 歐力仁

中原大學/人文與教育學院/宗教研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900819

摘要

二十世紀以降，西方哲學開始強烈關注「語言」問題，觸及各種主題的奧古斯丁，亦曾對「語言」問題作過闡述。而奧古斯丁在討論語言的時候，絕不是單單面對「語言」問題；在語言問題的背後，更重要的是神學、信仰、與教牧的問題。
《論教師》（De Magistro / On the Teacher）是奧古斯丁皈依基督宗教後，第一本集中討論語詞及符號的作品，亦是他開始將語詞問題連結於神學發展的作品。《論教師》的內容是從語言哲學的討論轉至心靈哲學，進而提出光照說（theory of illumination）。奧古斯丁這方面思想的連結和推展，十分值得探究，卻甚少被學者關注，特別是在漢語學界。
奧古斯丁是透過對語詞、符號的討論，轉向探討心靈活動、並進而提出基督做為人認識的中介力量。由此奧古斯丁提出了基督宗教的認識論，回應了懷疑論認為人不得認識真理的問題。另一方面，人言對照聖言，而能尋回其本來應有的意義。因此從根本上來說，聖言不僅是人溝通的條件，同時也是目的。從光照說的角度來看，聖言就作為人言溝通的條件；而從人言應該要指向聖言的面向來說，聖言成為人言的目的。

關鍵字

語詞 ； 論教師 ； 聖言 ； 語言 ； 光照 ； 認識論 ； 教師 ； 心靈哲學

並列摘要

Since the twentieth century, Western philosophy has turned intensively to the problem of “language.” Augustine in the past, discussed many different issues, must concerned about the issues. However he did not just discuss the problem of “language” but are meant to solve problems related to theology, faith, and pastoral counseling.
De Magistro is Augustine’s first work after his conversion to Christianity. It focuses on the discussion of words and signs. Furthermore, in it he links the problem of “language” to theology. De Magistro begins from a philosophical discussion of language, and proceeds in proposing a theory of illumination. How Augustine deals with the connection and inference between “language” and “illumination” is worth investigating. However, few scholars have taken notice of this question, especially in the Chinese academia.
Through the analysis of words and signs, Augustine discusses the activities of the mind, and proposes that Christ is the medium of our knowledge. Thereby, Augustine establishes the epistemology of Christianity, and rejects the skeptics who thought that man can’t know the truth. On the other hand, if we make a contrast between men’s words and the Word, we will be able to find the original meaning of wo/men’s words. In other words, the Word is essentially not only the condition but also the purpose of communication among wo/men. From the perpective of illumination, the Word is the condition of communication. And from that same aspect wo/men’s words ought to signify the Word. The Word ought to be the purpose of wo/men’s speaking.

並列關鍵字

the Word ； illumination ； the Teacher ； epistemology ； philosophy of mind ； language ； word ； De Magistro

參考文獻

《懺悔錄》，周士良 譯，台北：商務，1998。

黃維潤，〈聖奧斯定師道之探討－《論教師》一書研究〉，《哲學論集》，22(1988)，1-41。

Augustine: Earlier Writings. Trans. John S. Burleigh. Philadelphia The Westminister Press 1953.

The Confessions of St. Augustine. Translated by F. J. Sheed. Aew York: Sheed & Ward, 1954.

The Trinity. Translated by translation introduction, and notes. Edited by O.S.A. John E. Rotelle. Vol. 5, The Worls Pf Saint Augustine: A Translation for the 21st Century. New York: New City 1996.