運轉員團隊作業工作負荷量測的發
展－以進步型主控制室為例

摘要在進步型核電廠主控制室裡，三位運轉員組成的團隊要在所有的情境，譬如一般、異常、緊急的狀況下確保電廠的安全，因此評估主核電廠控制室團隊作業環境下的工作負荷將會是人因工程研究的重要議題之一，NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) 在過去許多的研究中被使用來測量人員的主觀工作負荷，雖然NASA-TLX已經是一個應用十分廣泛且有效的的主觀工作負荷評估工具，然而一些團隊作業的研究指出NASA-TLX在團隊作業環境下所量測出的負荷值與工作績效間沒有顯著的關聯性，NASA-TLX似乎無法正確與敏感的量測團隊作業環境的工作負荷。在本研究中，依據過去研究團隊作業特性的文獻發展出一個評估團隊作業工作負荷的問卷，並以協調、溝通、支援領導與時間分配這四個重要的團隊作業特性發展出量表，再與NASA-TLX結合，目的是發展一個適用於團隊作業的主觀工作負荷量測方法，並驗證本問卷具有信度、效度、敏感度。接著對所發展的問卷進行驗證性因素分析與內部一致性Cronbach’s α係數來驗證問卷的信度與效度，最後，以比較NASA-TLX與本研究所修增的評估方法所量測到的主觀工作負荷來驗證團隊作業環境下的工作負荷量測合適性，從比較中發現團隊作業工作負荷比NASA-TLX在作業績效上有更好的敏感度，因此可以結論出本研究所發展的量測方法是能夠來評估核電廠主控制室團隊作業環境下的工作負荷。

關鍵字

進步型核能發電廠；主控制室；團隊作業；工作負荷

並列摘要

Abstract For a main control room of advanced nuclear power plant, a team of three operators have been adopted to enhance the safety of all the scenarios including general, abnormal, and emergency completely. Therefore, evaluation workload of the team operators in the MCR of NPP would be one of the more intriguing issues of human factor engineering (HFE) research. The NASA task load index (NASA-TLX) has been selected to measure the workload of operator usually in much past research, because it is applicable when detailed and diagnostic data are needed. However, some research about teamwork indicated the workload that measured by the NASA-TLX did not have any correlation with team performance. That is, the NASA-TLX seems not to estimate the team workload accurately and sensitively. In this study, a questionnaire to evaluate the team workload is developed based on literature review concerned with the characteristics of teamwork. Based on these, the scales of “coordination”, “communication”, “support and lead”, and “time shared” that were the important characteristics of teamwork were developed. Then, this study used Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Cronbach’s α coefficient to examine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, to verify the suitableness of the team workload measure, the team workload scores are compared with subjective task load scores obtained from the NASA-TLX method and task performance obtained from an experiment design. From these comparisons, it was observed that team workload scores have more sensitive with task performance than the NASA-TLX scores. Thus, it could be concluded that the developed team workload measure would be considered for evaluating the workload of teamwork in the MCR of NPP.

並列關鍵字

Advanced Nuclear Power Plant ； Main Control Room ； Teamwork ； Workload

參考文獻

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運轉員團隊作業工作負荷量測的發展－以進步型主控制室為例

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