探討核能電廠主控制室人機介面之自動化對團隊運轉人員之影響

核能電廠儀控系統轉變為數位化之過程中，會因自動化的配置問題衍生出另一型態的人因議題。在團隊互動上，也由於個人作業型態的變革，再加上自動化系統可能改變組員彼此間溝通與合作的機能，進而影響到團隊作業的績效。因此本研究擬以核能電廠數位儀控系統人機介面與團隊之間做為探討對象，以瞭解自動化程度與系統狀態對團隊運轉人員績效之影響。本研究徵募20位，共10組受測團隊以核研所內「主控制室人機介面模擬平台」進行實驗，將模擬停爐作業分為：「自動」、「半自動」、「自動與飼水系統異常」及「半自動與飼水系統異常」。分別量測值班主任與反應爐運轉員在四種作業中情境知覺、工作負荷與作業績效之表現，結果發現自動化程度越低的作業，對團隊工作負荷較高、反應時間較長、人為失誤較高，但卻能提升團隊情境知覺，而自動化程度高的作業，雖可有效降低團隊工作負荷，使反應時間較短、人為失誤較低，但卻也降低了團隊情境知覺；另外，在飼水系統發生異常時，團隊情境知覺、工作負荷、反應時間與人為失誤率都要比正常狀態來的高，但異常狀態與正常狀態兩者之間的情境知覺並沒有顯著差異，另一方面，從結果也可得知無論是值班主任或是反應爐運轉員在個人表現上都會進而影響到整組的團隊績效。整體而言，一個良好的人機介面自動化設計，應以降低人員工作負荷與提升情境知覺為主要考量，並評估運轉人員在不同自動化程度上人跟人還有系統之間互動的差異，期望本研究之結果可提供未來核能電廠主控制室人機介面自動化設計的重要參考。

關鍵字

自動化；主控制室；情境知覺；團隊作業；工作負荷

並列摘要

Some automation allocation problems are carried by digitizing the human-system interface in main control room. Due to the change of personal work type, and the automation probably change a set of team member each other function of communication and cooperation, thereby influence the performance of teamwork. So the purpose of this paper is to measure the effects of automation on team situation awareness, workload, and performance in main control room of nuclear power plant. The simulated task combined reactor shutdown and alarm reset model. Ten teams of 2 individuals performed simulation trials involving: (1) automatic mode; (2) semi-automatic mode; (3) automatic mode but Feed-water Control System functioned abnormally; and (4) semi-automatic mode but Feed-water Control System functioned abnormally. The results indicated that teams had higher situation awareness in the semi-automatic mode than in the automatic mode. And teams had higher workload, response time and human error rate in the semi-automatic mode than in the automatic mode. On the other hand, the results revealed that teams had higher workload, reaction time and human error rates in the abnormal condition than in the normal condition. Teams also had higher situation awareness in the abnormal condition than in the normal condition, but there had no significant difference. By all accounts, a good human machine interface should be designed based on reduction workload and promotion situation awareness. And it could be achieved with a suitable degree of automation which makes the most positive interaction between people and system.

並列關鍵字

workload ； situation awareness ； automation ； teamwork ； main control room

參考文獻

楊智偉 (2008)，自動化程度設計及其對核電廠主控制室之影響，私立中原大學博士學位論文，中壢市

Carvalho, P. V. R., & Vidal, M. C. R. (2007). Nuclear power plant communications in Normative and actual practice: A field study of control room operator’s communications. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing 17(1), 43-78.

Chuang, C. F., & Chou, H. P. (2006). Investigation on the Design of Human-System Interface for Advanced Nuclear Plant Control Room. 5th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Controls, and Human Machine Interface Technology (NPIC&HMIT 2006), November 12-16, 2006, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Endsley, M. R. (1987b). SAGAT: A methodology for the measurement of situation awareness (NOR DOC 87-83). Hawthome, CA: Northrop Corp.

Endsley, M. R. (1988). Situation awareness global assessment techinique (SAGAT). In proceeding of the National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON). New York: IEEE. 789-795.

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探討核能電廠主控制室人機介面之自動化對團隊運轉人員之影響

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