遞延所得稅費用與財務報表重編關聯性之研究

Study of Association between Deferred Tax Expense and Financial Restatements

李如恩(Ju-En Li)

指導教授 ： 張慧珊

中原大學/商學院/會計研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200901165

摘要

財務報表功能之一即為提供有助於投資者對公司未來獲利能力的資訊，乃是資本市場投資人釐訂決策的主要依據，本研究旨在分析公司管理階層是否會藉由遞延所得稅費用進行盈餘管理行為，因而被證期局強制要求重編財報之研究，分析是否遞延所得稅費用愈高，財務報表重編之可能性愈高之證據，相較於課稅目的，經理人為了財務報導目的而利用更大的裁量權，操縱盈餘以達到一些門檻(例如，避免報導盈餘下降)，而且經理人寧願提高帳面所得卻沒有提高課稅所得，欲探討遞延所得稅費用在偵測財務報表重編是否具解釋力，查核人員或是報表使用者是否可以藉由遞延所得稅費用科目偵測財務報表重編，便是本研究欲探討的對象。

本研究實證結果顯示遞延稅費用愈高，財務報表重編的可能性愈高，表示遞延所得稅費用可以作為公司是否從事財務報表重編的一個偵測訊號，公司想要增加帳上所得但是卻不要增加課稅所得，重編公司不願支付全部操弄盈餘金額的稅負，因而增加遞延所得稅費用；稅前淨利為正之公司，其遞延所得稅費用愈高，財務報表重編之可能性愈高，表示公司真正利用遞延所得稅費用進行盈餘管理的部份，主要是依據會計與稅法規範之寬鬆不同，企業從收入與費用認列的時間點上加以操弄，一方面達成美化稅後盈餘的目的，另一方面也可延緩所得稅的繳納，達到現金流量與租稅上的規劃。最後，本研究實證結果亦顯示當期稅前淨利為正之公司，其前一年之遞延所得稅費用越高則發生財務報表重編之可能性愈高，重編公司意圖美化財務報表從事盈餘管理，於財報重編前一年便開始虛增帳上收益，並且盡可能的低列應課稅淨利，以致於提高了遞延所得稅費用。

關鍵字

財務報表重編 ； 遞延所得稅費用

並列摘要

One of the financial statement's functions is to provide information of firms’ future profitability to investors for decision making. The main purpose of this study is to analyze whether firms been asked by Securities and Future Bureau to restate their financial statements use deferred tax expenses to manage their reported earnings. This study analyzes the relation between a company’s deferred tax expenses and the possisibility of financial restatement. From prior study, we know that managers use discretionary accruals for earning management for financial reporting purpose. They manage earnings to reach some goals (such as avoiding reported earnings decline). Nevertheless, managers are willing to raise book income but not taxable income. This study examines whether deferred tax expenses can detect financial restatement, as well as that auditor and users of financial statement can detect financial restatement via deferred tax expense.

The empirical research of this study shows that if deferred tax expense is higher then the possibility of the financial restatement is also higher. The results show that deferred tax expenses can be an indicator of detection of financial restatemenst. Firms want to increase book income but not taxable income. Restatement firms are not willing to pay extra tax as a result of earnings management, and thus, by using the difference between accounting standards and tax rules, increase fims’ deferred tax expense. For firms with positive income before tax, while deferred tax expense is higher, the probability of the financial restatement is also higher. The result indicates that firms use deferred tax expense to engage in earnings management. They manipulate the timing of recognition of revenue and expense according to the difference between accounting standard and tax rules. On the one hand firms have reached the earnings goals, on the other hand they also postpone paying tax for cash flow planning. Finally, our results show that, while the deferred tax expenses in the preceding year is higher, the probability of the financial restatement is also higher for fims with positive income before tax. Financial restatements firms intending to embellish financial statements engage in earnings management by understating taxable income and inflating accounting income in preceding year, which in turn increase deferred tax expense.

並列關鍵字

financial restatements ； deferred tax expense

參考文獻

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