製備幾丁聚醣與竹碳複合顆粒及其吸附性能研究

Preparation of Chitosan Bamboo Charcoal and Composite Particulates and Their Adsorption Properties

陳思豪(Szu-Hau Chen)

指導教授 ： 謝明發

中原大學/工學院/醫學工程研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2009.00758

摘要

體外循環系統的血液吸附劑包含活性碳材與離子交換樹脂，其功效是將血液毒素清除。本研究製備幾丁聚醣與竹碳複合顆粒並評估竹碳顆粒對白蛋白，苯丙氨酸及膽紅素的吸附能力。此外，本研究設計與組裝血液體外循環機並以日本 Asahi 販售的血漿分離中空纖維膜評估該機器的預填與血漿分離功能。本研究分為四個部份，第一部份利用分子量範圍在 190k 到 300k的幾丁聚醣為賦形劑以製備幾丁聚醣與竹碳複合顆粒，並評估其抗壓強度、孔洞性質及表面型態等性質，第二部份測量竹碳複合顆粒的體外生物相容性，第三部份測量竹碳複合顆粒吸附白蛋白，苯丙氨酸及豬血漿中的膽紅素的性能，第四部份設計並組裝一台血液體外循環機，又稱機械性人工肝臟，且利用此機器建立全血流速與血漿流速在 150 mL/min 與 50 mL/min 下的操作性能並建立一套從開機到關機的標準操作程序。研究結果顯示，不同粒徑的竹碳粉末所製成的竹碳複合顆粒其抗壓強度範圍為 3.20 - 5.31 N，比表面積範圍為 582 - 605 m2/g，而孔洞體積範圍則在 0.31 - 0.32 cm2/g 之間。以竹碳粉末粒徑在 60 - 150 μm 範圍為原料所製備的複合顆粒之抗壓強度比竹碳粉末粒徑小於 20 μm 的抗壓強度高65 %。本研究製備的竹碳複合顆粒吸附白蛋白和苯丙氨酸的吸附量並不會因竹碳粉末粒徑大小不同而有所差異，白蛋白的最高吸附量為1.94 ± 0.05 mg/g，對苯丙氨酸則為 34.25± 0.50 mg/g，在吸附膽紅素方面，竹碳複合顆粒在兩個小時內對總膽紅素的最高吸附量為 0.63 ± 0.23 mg/g，其中直接膽紅素約佔吸附量的 0.5 - 2 %。在機器性能方面，血液體外循環機的操作條件分別為150 mL/min 血液流速和50 mL/min血漿流速，血漿分離過程所產生的氣泡可藉由超音波感測器偵測，而線上漏血偵測器可至 0.35 mL/min的漏血偵測極限。預期本系統能達到臨床操作之分離速率，藉以評估幾丁聚醣與碳複合顆粒應用在血液淨化上之可能性。

關鍵字

膽紅素吸附 ； 抗壓強度 ； 竹碳複合顆粒 ； 幾丁聚醣 ； 人工肝臟

並列摘要

Adsorbents of extracorporeal system, including activated carbon and ion exchange resin, are used to remove toxin in plasma. The aim of present study is to enhance the compressive strength of chitosan-encapsulated bamboo charcoal pellet and investigate their ability to adsorb albumin, L-phenylalanine in solution and bilirubin in blood plasma. A blood extracorporeal machine incorporating the chitosan-encapsulated bamboo charcoal pellets was designed to meet clinical standards of blood purification. The study was divided into four parts. First, we used a medium molecular weight chitosan (MW 190k~300k) to produce chitosan-encapsulated bamboo charcoal pellets, which was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, pore size and surface area analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. In the second part, the biocompatibility of chitosan-encapsulated bamboo charcoal pellets was assessed by hemolysis assay. In the third part, the solution adsorptive properties of chitosan-encapsulated bamboo charcoal pellets for albumin、L-phenylalanine and bilirubin were evaluated in plasma. Lastly, a blood extracorporeal machine (mechanical artificial liver) was designed which will support further investigations on chitosan-encapsulated bamboo charcoal pellets as an adsorbent device for direct blood purification. The results show that the compressive strength of chitosan-encapsulated bamboo charcoal pellet made by different particle sizes of bamboo charcoal is in the range of 3.20 - 5.31 N. The specific surface area of chitosan-encapsulated bamboo charcoal pellets ranges from 582 to 605 m2/g, the total pore volume is from 0.31 to 0.32 cm2/g. The adsorption of albumin in chitosan-encapsulated bamboo charcoal pellets has a maximum at 1.94 ± 0.05 mg/g and the adsorption of L-phenylalanine is 34.25± 0.50 mg/g. On the other hand, the results show chitosan-encapsulated bamboo charcoal pellets adsorbs a total of 35-36 % bilirubin, with only 0.5- 2% directly adsorbed onto the surface. Finally, the condition optimization of the blood extracorporeal machine results to a blood flow and plasma flow of 150 mL/min and 50 mL/min, respectively. The blood leak detector detects 0.35 mL/min at a 25% hematocrit. It can meet clinical standards for separation of plasma. Thus, further studies on the clinical application of this machine and the chitosan-encapsulated bamboo charcoal pellets to adsorb blood toxins can be made in the future.

並列關鍵字

bamboo charcoal pellet ； chitosan ； artificial liver. ； bilirubin adsorption ； compressive strength

參考文獻

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