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  • 學位論文

發展以知識模型為基礎的排課系統

Developing an ontology-based knowledge model for curriculum scheduling

指導教授 : 戚玉樑

摘要


在有限資源的議題裡,排程問題(Scheduling problems)一直是許多研究者亟欲探討的,且屬於NP-complete問題的一種,因此排程問題的過程可視為是一種尋找近似最佳解的演算過程,嘗試尋求在有限的資源下做到資源分配的最佳化;而排課問題(Timetabling)涉及到資源分配的結果,可說是排程問題的一種,由於排課的組合多元,且排課條件如教師、時段、教室、班級、課程等限制的關係密切,導致彼此間容易產生衝突,此外,實際環境或作業方式的不同,也造成目前排課的解決方法多為可行解,不易找出最佳解,而造成排課上的困難;其次,排課結果產生後,因不可預測變動因素的產生,例如教師時間調動、修課人數不足等,使得排課系統在維護上較為困難,因此,排課在排程問題的資源分配上仍有發展的空間。過去文獻所建置的排課系統,多以求得最佳課表為依歸,故排課資源雖然重要,卻甚少針對此部分進行深入探討。所以本研究嘗試以資源導向作為排課的基礎,並以知識本體(Ontology)為核心建構相關知識模型,協助對資源排程知識的表達,並以排課系統為例,發展以知識模型為基礎的排課系統,協調資源排程,藉由現有排課問題探討資源分配的重要性,並說明使用知識本體表達的知識庫應用雛型系統,可推論有效可用的資源,提高排課系統的彈性及維護便利性,建置一個符合多數使用者的環境。

並列摘要


In the issue of limited resources, the scheduling problems is in the category of NP-complete problems. Therefore, the process of dealing with the scheduling problems may be regarded as a process to find approximately optimum solution. This study is trying to achieve the optimization of the resource distribution from limited resources. Timetabling problem involves with the result of the resource distribution, so it can be categorized in scheduling problems. The combination of the timetabling is diverse (such as limits of teachers, sessions, classrooms, classes and courses). These restrictions are closely related to each other that may bring conflicts. Besides, the difference of the real work environments also makes the solution of timetabling problem just a feasible solution, not an optimum solution that makes the timetable became more difficult. Secondly, after the timetabling results come out, the unpredictable changes will be appeared. It makes the maintenance of more difficult, for example, the change of the teacher’s time and the lack of students. There is still a room for developing of timetabling. In the past researches, most timetabling systems focus on finding out the best timetable. Though the timetabling resources are important, there are only few researches discussing the part. This study attempts to use resource-oriented as the basis of the timetable, use ontology to be the core to build the knowledge model. Use this is help express the resource scheduling knowledge. We discuss the importance of the resource distribution through existing timetabling problem. Illustrate the knowledge base system expressed by ontology to inferred effective and useful resources, raise the flexibility, convenience of maintenance, and build an environment conformed to most users.

參考文獻


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