氧化鋅材料擁有價格便宜、易於合成、在地球含量豐富、無毒及可於中性電解液中操作之優點,在近年來被認為是應用於超電容器上,很有潛力之擬電容材料;其理想操作電位於負電位處,因此很有潛力之非對稱電容器的材料。但其有導電度較差之缺點,且在許多文獻中,其穩定性及高掃速表現並不是很理想。碳氣凝膠具有優異的導電性、比表面積以及特殊的孔洞形貌結構,非常適合作為超電容之電極材料。本研究透過溶膠-凝膠法加上鍛燒製備出碳氣凝膠粉末,並將之應用於超電容,如將金屬氧化物成長於其中,與之形成複合材料,可藉此彌補氧化金屬導電性及穩定性的不足。簡單方便的水熱法,藉由不同比例的硝酸鋅溶液,將氧化鋅成長於具有高比表面積(611.79 m2/g)及高導電度之碳氣凝膠多孔中,期望利用兩者結合之協同效應,使電容表現更佳。 利用水熱法將氧化鋅與碳氣凝膠結合,由於氧化鋅會堆疊成長於高比表面積、高導電度之碳氣凝膠多孔中,因此能增加電解液與氧化鋅的接觸機會,使氧化鋅得到更有效的利用。除此之外,碳氣凝膠會使電子傳導路徑降低,當電化學反應發生時,電解液與電極表面發生法拉第反應,電子能夠快速地通過氧化鋅到達高導電性的碳氣凝膠表面,並迅速地傳達至電流收集器上,故使氧化鋅/碳氣凝膠複合材料的電化學表現提升。本研究所製備出之氧化鋅/碳氣凝膠複合材料,能應用於需要高功率及高穩定性之超電容器。其理想之操作電位於負電位處,且於此條件下其電化學表現穩定,因此本研究所製備出之氧化鋅/碳氣凝膠複合材料,同時具有潛力之非對稱電容器的材料。
Zinc oxides (ZnO) have been considered as one of the promising pseudocapacitor electrode materials in recent years, owing to their low cost, ease of synthesis, earth abundance, and low toxicity. In addition, many reports show that capacitive efficiency and cycling stability of zinc oxides are not good enough. In this study, we developed a preparation method successfully for ZnO/carbon aerogel composites, which involves a simple hydrothermal method of ZnO within a mesoporous carbon aerogel of high conductivity and high specific surface area (611.793 m2/g). The synergistic effect between the ZnO and carbon aerogel drastically improves the capacitive performance of ZnO. ZnO and carbon aerogel show good incorporation, because zinc oxides will grow and stack on the porous carbon aerogel of high specific surface area and high conductivity. Here, the carbon aerogel provides a highly conductive network for electron transport during the electrical charge and discharge processes of the sample.