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  • 學位論文

木瓜樹之不同部位的總抗氧化能力及總多酚含量之研究

A Study on Total Antioxidant Capacity and Polyphenol Content in Different Parts of Papaya Trees

指導教授 : 葉華光

摘要


隨著時代的發展,現今健康意識抬頭,多食用蔬菜、水果可以補充含纖維質、維他命C、膳食纖維、類胡蘿蔔素、多酚類抗氧化物質、、、等,而木瓜的富含這些對身體有益的物質。木瓜為熱帶水果,因此在台灣盛產。不管生木瓜還是熟木瓜的果肉皆為我們可食性部分,它們具有抗氧化力,但木瓜樹其他部位,葉子、梗、果皮、種籽這些不可食性的部分,卻根據文獻顯示,同樣具有抗氧化力。因此本實驗希望能給予這些廢棄物新生命,期待未來本實驗萃取技術可以做為保健食品之開發應用。   以木瓜樹的葉子、梗,以及成熟與未成熟果實之果皮、果肉、種籽為材料,探討經過55 ℃ 低溫乾燥後,以攪拌萃取和超聲波萃取探討抗氧化能力以及抗氧化物總含量。抗氧化能力測定,包括DPPH自由基清除能力和FRAP (三價鐵還原抗氧化能力)測試,兩者測定結果整體趨勢是相同,以攪拌萃取效果較佳,超音波震盪萃取較差,最具抗氧化力的部位皆為木瓜葉,次之為青木瓜籽。抗氧化物總含量測定包括總多酚、總類黃酮、總縮和單寧、總水解丹寧,利用最具抗氧化力之木瓜葉與青木瓜籽去做驗證,結果整體以木瓜葉的含量多於青木瓜籽,符合抗氧化能力正相關係於抗氧化物含量。   隨後因葉子在攪拌萃取和超聲波萃取所得到的抗氧化能力、抗氧化物質的量最多,故以葉子進行綠色化學討論,做超臨界流體萃取,並利用田口實驗設計分析法,做五個因子四個表準的L16直交表,減少實驗內容,進行因子影響的討論,得到能符合最低成本時間的最佳萃取趨勢。此條件在總多酚和總縮和單寧、總水解單寧萃取都為200 atm,60 ℃,2小時, H2O,200 μL。總類黃酮萃取條件為200 atm,60 ℃,2小時,不添加修飾劑。   比較所有萃取方法,木瓜葉中總縮和丹寧、總水解單寧的萃取含量整體較多,且以長時間萃取效果最好,超聲波震盪萃取次之,超臨界二氧化碳萃取最弱。

並列摘要


As time progresses, the rise of health conscious becomes more important in now days. Eating more vegetables and fruits can provide vitamin C, dietary fiber, carotenoids, polyphenols and other antioxidants. They are good for our health and rich in papaya tree. Papaya is a tropical fruit and planted in Taiwan. Papaya pulp is edible part of papaya tree and has antioxidant capacity. However, the other parts of the papaya trees, such as leaves, stems, peels, seeds are inedible. These parts also have antioxidant capacity. Therefore, I want to give new life to these wastes in this study. All parts of papaya trees are oven-dried in 55 ℃ and extracted by stirring extraction and ultrasonic extraction method. Then, the extracts are made an analysis of antioxidant capacity and total substance of antioxidants. In antioxidant capacity case, Papaya leaf is the best one in DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The second one is unripe papaya seed. In total substance of antioxidants case, papaya leaves content more total phenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins than the unripe papaya seeds. Discuss the supercritical extraction method to get the maximum amount of antioxidants in papaya leaves by Taguchi experimental design analysis. In this study, the best condition is under 200 atmospheres, 60 ℃, extracting for 2 hours, and modifier is H2O 200 μL for total phenols, condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins. Another best condition is under 200 atmospheres, 60 ℃, extracting for 2 hours, without modifier for the total flavonoids. In all extracting case, stirring extraction is the best method to extract the phenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins.

參考文獻


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