應用於無線感測節點之單體太陽能能源擷取升壓轉換器

Application to Wireless Sensor Network of A Single-Cell Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting

游佩珊(Pei-Shan Yu)

指導教授 ： 鍾文耀

中原大學/工學院/電子工程研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201400424

摘要

近年來全球農業朝向精緻化發展，隨著溫室的大小改變無線感測網路的數量也增加，為了供應節點電力而建置電網會造成成本過高，因此可以透過太陽能電池做為解決節點電力問題的方案之一，由於太陽能電池可以供應足夠的電力給無線感測模組並進行電池充電，因此可以實現真正的無線、可攜帶及彈性擴充，更可以避免需要常替換電池、維修電力網路、降低建置成本以及實現永續能源的概念。
太陽能電池模組並非一個理想可靠的能源，需要操作於最佳操作點才有辦法提供最大能量，並且會受到遮蔽效應而嚴重影響其光電轉換效率，所以本論文提出單體太陽能電池的概念來降低遮蔽效應影響，其輸出電壓僅為400mV至600mV，所以需要設計兩級式電源管理系統，本論文設計第一級升壓轉換器主要實現最大功率點追蹤控制，讓太陽能電池產生之能源做最大功率轉換並將能量儲存於電池之中；第二級升壓轉換器則提供一個穩定輸出電壓調節，以輸出穩定3.3V電壓供無線感測模組及運算最大功率點之微控制器使用。本論文之第一級升壓轉換器晶片設計採用TSMC Mixed-Signal 0.13μm 1P8M製程技術實現，完成各子系統實現並搭配自行設計之自動電量檢測系統實現電池電量換算。

關鍵字

單體太陽能電池 ； 精緻農業 ； 電源管理系統 ； 同步升壓轉換器 ； 非同步升壓轉換器 ； 無線感測網路

並列摘要

The world has started to focus on the quality agriculture. Power line setting in the farmland is neither easy nor practical; hence renewable energy resources have been applied instead. The photovoltaic (PV) energy will be one of the best solutions to reduce the high costs from the power grid. Compared to other renewable energy sources, photovoltaic energy is more common, more suitable for agriculture used in green house and open field and has features such as easily available or abundant, can be downsized or scalable, and environmentally friendly. In addition to the PV cell can provide enough power to the WSN module, it can be not only truly wireless, portable, flexible expansion, but also avoid the needs for regular battery replacement, electricity networks maintenance and reduce costs and realize the concept of building a sustainable energy. Since the PV cell is not an ideal and reliable energy source, it needs to operate at optimum operating point to provide the maximum energy. Shielding effect would also significantly affect its photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
In this paper, the system proposed the concept using the single PV cell to reduce the affect by shielding effect. Due to its output voltage only about 400mV to 600mV, needs to design two-stage power management, first stage boost converter aim to achieve maximum power point control and let solar cell have maximum output power then stored into battery. The second stage boost converter as a regulator to provide a stable output voltage around 3.3V, for the power supply of the WSN module and the microcontroller using for computing the MPPT. In this paper, the chip design expected to use TSMC Mixed-Signal 0.13μm 1P8M process technology.

並列關鍵字

photovoltaic cell ； Quality Agriculture ； wireless sensor network ； boost converter ； power management

參考文獻

[5] 王立豪, “應用於10W太陽能板之數位脈寬調變技術整合電源管理晶片”, 私立中原大學電子工程學系碩士學位論文, 2012

[8] http://www.ni.com/white-paper/7229/en/, NI - Photovoltaic Cell Overview

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