- 學位論文
綠色輸入型供應鏈風險之探討
Consideration of Green Issue for Inbound Supply Chain
摘要
近年來，環境保護與綠色議題逐漸受到關注，國際上紛紛制定許多相關法令，以及嚴格的產品之檢驗標準，如歐盟在2006年推出廢電子電機設備指令（WEEE）、電子電機設備中危害物質禁用指令（RoHS）、能源產品綠色設計指令（EuP）與化學品登錄、評估與授權制度（REACH）。以台灣為例，我國對歐洲出口貿易值中電子產品佔了14.48%，因此企業產品外銷至歐盟時，應將環保規範納入考量，否則產品將無法順利進入歐洲市場，甚至可能因違犯法規而被處以巨額罰款。供應鏈系統龐大且複雜，任何一個供應商的失誤將影響商品與服務的流動，造成品質不符等高成本損失與交貨延遲。因此，企業不只從自身的生產製造端開始把關，對於供應商所提供之原料與零件也要進行嚴格的控管，在選擇供應商夥伴時需要考量來自供應商的風險轉移。過去研究供應鏈風險管理的文獻，偏向注重產品本身的風險，如品質風險、成本風險、交期風險、研發及創新風險等，本研究以輸入型供應鏈角度，加入綠色環保議題如法規風險、實質風險、訴訟風險等，評估來自供應商端的可能風險，利用層級程序分析法及專家訪談，評比各種輸入型風險的權重與排序。藉此了解企業在評選供應商夥伴時，對於綠色議題之風險考量的重視程度。
並列摘要
Many related strict regulations and examinations were made for environmental product because of the growing interest in environmental and green issues all over the world. For example, the European Union had published the Environmental Directives, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), Restriction of Hazardous Substance (RoHS), Eco-Design Requirements for Energy Using Products (EuP) and Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) in 2006. In Taiwan, 14.48% of the exported value to Europe is electronic products. Therefore, enterprises should take these regulations into consideration when they want to export products to Europe, otherwise, the products will not be able to sale in the European market, and may even be imposed hefty fines due to violation of regulations. A supply chain system can be large in scale and complicated. Any of one supplier’s failures may affect the flow of goods and services and that will cause a costly loss and delivery delay. An enterprise should not only concern on their own produce and manufacturing, but also take a strict control on the materials and components from their supplier partners. Considering the transfer of risk from a supplier is needed. The past research on supply chain risk management tends to focus on the risk of product itself, like the risks of quality, cost, on time delivery, R&D… etc.. This paper assesses the consideration of green issue for inbound supply chain risks like regulation, risk, physical risk, litigation risk and so on. By using the analytic hierarchy process and interviews to compare the importance of risk factors, evaluates the weight of risks and make a rank to access the possible risk from the suppler. Thus to understand the importance of considering the environmental risks when a company makes a decision of chooses their supplier partner.