- 學位論文
台灣不同地區、品種及生長期之芭樂葉的總抗氧化力及總多酚含量之研究
A Study on the Total Antioxidant Capacity and Polyphenol Content in Taiwan Guava Leaves by Regions, Species, and Growing Periods
摘要
芭樂，是台灣常見的水果，富含豐富的維他命C、類黃酮及多種對人體有益之營養物質。因為芭樂適合在海拔1000公尺以下，溫度在15 ℃以上的生長環境，所以主要種植在台灣中南部，又以高雄市及彰化縣種植最為廣泛。 芭樂葉對於農民而言是沒經濟價值的廢棄物，但裡面富含的營養價值遠比芭樂果肉來的高，若能將廢物有效再利用，便可使整株芭樂樹變得更有價值。 本實驗是比較不同地區、品種及生長期之芭樂葉，先利用攪拌萃取及超音波震盪兩種不同的萃取方法，並測其抗氧化能力。篩選出表現最佳的芭樂葉後，進而測得其多酚類含量包括：總多酚、總類黃酮及總單寧之含量。實驗得到的結果為：攪拌萃取高雄紅心芭樂中年葉的抗氧化能力效果最好，再進一步測其中多酚類含量。 經過以上第一階段的實驗後，再利用超臨界二氧化碳流體萃取高雄紅心芭樂中年葉，並搭配田口式直交表實驗法。實驗結果發現無論總多酚、總類黃酮及總單寧，其溫度、壓力、萃取時間、修飾劑及修飾劑體積所測得的水準都相同。再進一步利用最佳化條件，即溫度80 ℃，壓力200 atm，萃取時間4小時，修飾劑為醋酸及其體積為200 μL，以上述5種條件萃取高雄紅心中年葉之芭樂葉，測量其總多酚、總類黃酮及總單寧含量，再與攪拌萃取相互做含量的比較。 實驗結果發現，利用超臨界二氧化碳流體萃取，其萃取含量與利用正己烷超音波萃取效果相當，這可能與溶劑的極性有關。雖然超臨界二氧化碳流體萃取有使用極性的修飾劑，但因為修飾劑體積僅有200 μL，所以萃取效果仍然有限。
並列摘要
Guava, is a common fruit in Taiwan, which is rich in vitamin C, flavonoids and a variety of nutrients beneficial to humans . Guavas grow under an altitude of 1000 meters sea level and the temperature above 15 ℃. Most of them grow in central south of Taiwan. Guava leaves as junk by farmers. In fact, nutrients in guava leaves is higher than guava pulp. If the waste can be effectively reused, then can let the whole guava trees become more valuable. The experiment compare guavas in different regions, species and different growing periods of guava leaves, and we use agitation and ultrasonic vibration in two different extraction methods. Detection its antioxidant capacity, and screen out the best performing guava leaves, then detection its phenols content include：total polyphenols, total flavonoids and total tannins. The result of the experiment is that using agitation extraction has the best antioxidant capacity. After the first phase of the experiment, we use supercritical fluid with Taguchi experiment to extract guava leaves. The experimental results showed that whatever measure of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and total tannins, the temperature, pressure and extraction time, modifier and modifier volume levels are the same. Using the best conditions：80 ℃, 200 atm, extracting for four hours, using acetic acid for modifying agent and 200 μL of modifier volume. We extracted guava leaves under these five conditions. Then we detected total polyphenols, total flavonoids and total tannin content to compare with stirring extraction. Experimental results showed that the using of supercritical fluid extraction is worse than stirring extraction. This may be relevant to polar solvent. Although supercritical fluid extraction has been added polar modifiers, modifier volume was only 200 μL. Which means that the extraction efficiency is still limited.
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