公共工程之工程債權探討

在實務操作上，一個工程於成功締約後是否能如期照計畫順利運作，最重要的不外乎為雙方於履行法律上之義務時，能否獲取相當之對價為首要考量之點，公共工程多具有政策或經濟上之考量，且受到政府預算上之限制，於不同類型的工程中，在其不同履行階段，均可能發生糾紛，進而使工程無法照工期計畫進行，而本文就履約階段中可能發生之工程債權進行介紹、分析及探討。本文中以契約當事人即定作人及承攬人之相互主張之權利為債權類型之分類，並輔以各機關自行訂定之工程契約範本，以工程進行之時程為依線型流線的分布，分別就工程契約中各項工程款如預付款、估驗款、保留款、工程尾款、保固款、物價指數調整款、違約金之規定加以介紹，並就實務上該項債權常見之紛爭類型及定性為分析，並在不同類型之工程款擇以法院實務之案例作評析以瞭解我國實務就工程款相關之見解及發展，當工程與法律為事實和法規相互影響時法院所採為何。關鍵字：預付款、估驗款、保留款、工程尾款、保固款、物價指數調整款、違約金。

關鍵字

預付款；估驗款；保留款；工程尾款；保固款；物價指數調整款；違約金

並列摘要

In practical operation, the most important thing for a project and its success is according to the plan as scheduled after signing the contract，and whether it can obtain equivalent consideration when both parties fulfill their legal obligations. Public Constructions have a policy or economic considerations ,and will be limited by the government budget, in different types of projects, its different stages of implementation may lead to disputes, and they make the project can not be carried out as planned. The paper introduces, analyzes and discusses the project creditor’s rights that may occur in the compliance phase. In this paper, the parties to the contract, that is, the undertaker and the proprietor are classified as the type of creditor’s rights, and supplemented by the model of project contract customized by each organ. The flow line distribution is limited by the time when the project is carried out. It introduces various project funds in the project contract, such as advance payment, estimated payment, retention payment, final payment, guarantee payment, price index adjustment payment ，and penalty. And analyzes the common types of disputes and qualitative in practice. Different types of project funds are settled by court cases, to understand and development on the project funds. What do the court opinion and the law have statutorily interacted with each other? Keyword：Advance Payment、Estimated Payment、Retention Payment、Final Payment、Guarantee Payment、Price Index Adjustment Payment and Penalty.