國小高年級關係霸凌受害者有效輔導策略與困境之研究

The Effective Counseling Strategies and Difficulties for Relational Aggression’s Victims in Elementary School Senior Graders

賴品儒(Pin-Ju Lai)

指導教授 ： 杜淑芬

中原大學/人文與教育學院/教育研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202100549

摘要

校園霸凌事件在新聞版面層出不窮，根據兒童福利聯盟在2011年的調查，關係霸凌為校園中最為常見的霸凌形式。本研究旨在探討國小專任輔導教師在輔導高年級關係霸凌受害者的有效輔導策略與遭遇到的困境。希望透過本研究，讓後續的專輔教師在面對關係霸凌受害個案時能提供更好的協助。
　　本研究採用質性研究之研究取向，並使用半結構式個別深度訪談，邀請6位國小專任輔導教師進行約60~90分鐘的訪談，女性五名、男性一名，擔任專輔年資平均約4年。本研究採用紮根理論的資料分析方法，透過開放式編碼、主軸編碼與選擇編碼進行分析，並透過三角檢驗法來確保研究的可靠性。本研究之主要結果如下：
一、專輔教師眼中的關係霸凌為兼具顯性與隱性的攻擊方式、有策略的攻擊；受害者的特質為：常是邊緣人或家庭支持功能薄弱、受害者社交能力弱、受害者自身的衛生與生活習慣不佳、受害者毫無原因而遭受到關係霸凌。
二、關係霸凌受害者的有效輔導策略為：透過班級輔導處理班級情緒；個別輔導為建立支持、同理的諮商關係、重新框架與修正性的經驗、人際技巧的練習；團體輔導策略為促進人際連結與情緒支持；系統合作輔導策略為凝聚一致輔導共識。
三、關係霸凌受害者的輔導困境為：受害者身旁薄弱的支持系統、系統拒絕專輔教師的介入與有資源卻難以介入。
　　最後，研究者根據上述研究結果提出討論與建議，並提供專輔教師在與關係霸凌受害者的輔導工作，及未來有關關係霸凌相關研究之參考。

關鍵字

關係霸凌 ； 關係霸凌受害者 ； 有效輔導 ； 輔導困境

並列摘要

In recent days, School bullying incidents were constantly appearing on the news. According to a survey conducted by the Child Welfare League Foundation (2011) that relational aggression was the most common form of school bullying on our campus. This study aimed to explore the effective counseling strategies of school counselors who conseling with the relational aggression’s victim. It is hoped that through this research, can provide scool counselors effective counseling strategies to work with the relational aggression’s victim.
The study adopted a qualitative approach, using semi-structured individual in-depth interview method to collect school counselors’ experience. Six school counselors were invited to participate in current research, and each interview conducted about 60 to 90 minutes. The interviewees included five females and one male, and the average length in counseling work is 4 years. The data analysis followed the analytical procedure of grounded theory approach and the reliability was examined through triangulation method. The main result of this study were as follows:
1) School counselors found that relational aggression is a strategic attack with both explicit and implicit attacks; and the characteristics of the victims were often marginalized or lack of family support ; some of the victims have weak social skills; some of victims had poor hygiene and living habits; and some of the victims suffered from relational aggression for no reason.
2) The effective counseling strategies for relational aggression’s victims, in classroom guidance strategy was to empathize the emotions of the peers in the victim’s class; in individual counseling was to establish supportive, empathetic counseling relationships, or reframed and provided reparative responses, or practiced interpersonal skills; in group counseling strategies were to promote interpersonal connections and emotional support; in systematic cooperative counseling strategy was to build a consensus on counseling.
3) The counseling difficulties for relational bullied victims was: the victim’s weak awareness and the weak supportive system around the victim; the system rejects school counselor; and school counselor has resources but can't help the victim.
Last, the researchers make discussions regarding to the counseling strategies and the dilemma based on above important results. Also, some implications and suggestions were brought up with regard to the training and supervision for school counselors.

並列關鍵字

relational aggression ； relational aggression’s victim ； effective counseling strategies ； counseling difficulties

參考文獻

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壹、中文部分