睡眠相關憂慮與睡眠相關注意力偏誤之關係：工作記憶容量與抑制功能的個體差異之影響

睡眠相關注意力偏誤被視為失眠的維持因子之一，過去研究顯示該偏誤不穩定。後設分析研究指出慢性失眠的工作記憶與抑制功能皆不佳。此外，憂慮狀態會短暫損害工作記憶之控制，且抑制功能調控工作記憶導引後續注意力攫取。本研究好奇慢性失眠者的睡眠相關注意力偏誤是否因其工作記憶或抑制功能所致，其中睡眠相關憂慮狀態是否有所影響。本研究目的為探討工作記憶是否中介於睡眠相關憂慮與睡眠相關注意力偏誤之關係，且抑制功能調節工作記憶與睡眠相關注意力偏誤之關係。藉此了解睡眠相關注意力偏誤的機制由睡眠憂慮導致工作記憶和/或抑制功能的個體差異所致，或是自身工作記憶和/或抑制功能的個體差異所致。本研究的良好睡眠組為39位，慢性失眠組18位。研究結果顯示中介調節模式未達顯著。另外也發現相較於偵測中性物體圖片，慢性失眠者與良好睡眠者皆較快速偵測到睡眠相關物體圖片。而且憂慮特質亦會影響參與者偵測刺激的反應速度，特別是在較為困難的改變情況下。故憂慮特質以及睡眠相關憂慮之操弄，皆可能是慢性失眠者與良好睡眠者的睡眠相關注意力偏誤之背後機制。

關鍵字

睡眠相關注意力偏誤；睡眠相關憂慮；工作記憶；抑制功能

並列摘要

Sleep-related attentional bias is regarded as one of the maintenance factors of insomnia. Past studies on sleep-related attentional bias showed unstable results. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether working memory mediates the relationship between sleep-related worry and sleep-related attention bias, and whether inhibition regulates the relationship between working memory and sleep-related attention bias. There were 39 good sleepers and 18 people in the chronic insomnia group in this study. The results showed that the mediator moderator model is not significant. Morever, it was also found that compared with the pictures of neutral objects, the pictures of sleep-related objects were detected more quickly in both chronic-insomnia and good-sleeper groups. And worry traits affected the participant's response speed when detecting stimuli, especially detecting the changes was difficult. These findings suggest that worry traits and the manipulation of sleep-related worry may be the underlying mechanisms of sleep-related attention bias in chronic insomnia and good sleepers.

並列關鍵字

sleep-related attentional bias ； sleep-related worry ； working memory ； inhibition function

參考文獻

Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643-662. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054651

林心伃（2014）。失眠者的注意偏誤：以睡眠相關刺激的點偵測作業為焦點（未出版碩士學位論文）。國立中正大學社會科學院臨床心理學研究所，1-103。