「流浪犬/分類」論流浪狗的管理與動物權的爭議

能力途徑是契約論學者納斯邦提出用以補充正義論（契約論修正學說）的學說，契約論為自由民主法治國家法律的基礎，強調訂約雙方立於自由、平等、獨立的地位在互惠前提下訂立契約是它最大的特色，只是在遇到非人類動物時便出現適用難題。能力途徑強調一種活生生的生物，如果享有某種與生俱來的基本能力，足以表現出某些被視為重要且良善的功能，但是卻又從來都沒有展現的機會，那將會是一種浪費與悲劇，且它要我們認知到動物本身就是一名行為者、一種主體，一種應該享有某種事務的生物，一種牠們自己本身就是一種目的的生物。能力途徑可以為動物保護法施行零撲殺政策之後的收容管理帶來道德觀點，犬隻透過捕抓、收容、絕育等動保程序得以以其生命形式存在社會，獲得牠應得的尊嚴。流浪犬做為犬隻的一種分類，應是有利於犬隻，因為指稱流浪的同時意味著不認為這是牠應有的狀態，零撲殺政策的施行雖有導致有收容所超收危險，但我們應將它視為督促政府及社會以更多元的管理視角對待流浪狗的指導方針，最終終結犬隻流浪的問題。

關鍵字

流浪犬；零撲殺；能力途徑；絕育；收容所；動物權

並列摘要

The capabilities approach was provided by Martha Nussbaum, who was a scholar of the Social Contract to supplement A Theory of Justice, a correction theory of the Social Contract. The Social Contract is the base of Liberal democracy and rule of law. The most special thing is that on the premise of mutual benefit, both sides are free, equal, and independent to contract. However, it is difficult to apply for Non-human animal. The capabilities approach is for Living creature. It is a waste and tragedy if the creature has the ability to show its importance and goodness but it doesn’t have the chance to show. And we know that creature is an actor or a subject. The creature is for enjoying something. They are creatures for certain purpose. The capabilities approach can bring moral perspective for shelter management of zero culling policy. Dog can live in the society by the process of catching, shelter, and sterilization to get the dignity. Stray dog is a category of dog. It’s good for stray dogs because that means they should not be that situation. Zero culling policy will cause shelter to overcharge but we should think it’s a policy for pushing government and society to diversify management to finally end stray dog problem.