工業4.0對臺灣中小企業發展之契機與挑戰

摘要本文是探討近幾年以來，在製造業與產業界十分踴躍討論的工業4.0議題。當然，全世界的國家都紛紛討論這個話題，在歐洲就是以工業4.0為基準，向德國看齊。在亞洲以中國為製造中心，提出的是2025的製造目標。在美國即是以2011年提出AMP 計畫，希望藉此可以重新位居領導地位。臺灣，正面臨人口老化與少子化的時代，目前製造業與產業界普遍存在難以獲得人才的困境，又因有東南亞地區廉價勞工的低工資、低土地形成優勢威脅，已經對我國競爭力造成相當的影響。因此，目前臺灣已有近百家公司投入以工業4.0為導向的公司。研究生認為有其必要性來研究對於工業4.0的意義與內涵，舉凡我國目前的現狀與外國努力的目標可以進行分析比較。在眾多的大企業及機構團體，對於臺灣邁向工業4.0的勇氣是給予正面的評價的，也普遍認為可以更加深入與計畫性的執行。透過產業的訪談，更可以清楚了解到企業主面臨的困難與期待，實現智慧生產及工業4.0仍有一大段路需要繼續往前，對於人才的培育就更加刻不容緩。然而機械設備的升級或是智慧溝通卻還在緩慢前進中，經過國內與國外的訪談，可以體會了解到，彎道超車的模式已漸漸進行中，許多公司面臨經營與製造無法突破的困境時，極想改變，也藉「工業4.0」目標來更進、改動，期許能夠在不久的將來跟上國際步伐，成為世界的製造生產的一環

關鍵字

工業4.0 ；工業革命；人才培育

並列摘要

Abstract This study explores the development of Industry 4.0 in the manufacturing industry in recent years. In Europe, Industry 4.0 is widely spreaded and other countries strive to catch up with Germany’s standards. China, the center of manufacturing in Asia, also proposes its strategic plan of Made in China 2025. In the United States, the AMP program was proposed in 2011, hoping to regain global leadership in manufacturing. Taiwan is currently facing the problem of an aging society and declining birth rates. In this study it is found that, the manufacturing industries have difficulties in finding talents, whereas the cheap labor and low land in Southeast Asia has become a threat to the competitiveness of Taiwan. Fortunately, there are over one hundred companies in Taiwan that have restructured themselves to become part of Industry 4.0. Based on industry interviews conducted in this study, there is still a way to go before smart production and industry 4.0 can be realized and the cultivation of talent is even more pressing. In addition, the upgrade of hardware smart communications is trudging along at a slow pace. Taiwanese small and median enterprises may consider playing complementary notes to help build Industry 4.0 or simply adopt Industry 4.0 technologies step by step as users.