如何衡量價值：舊書商建構舊書價值機制的個案研究

本項民族誌的研究目的在於企圖理解舊書商如何衡量舊書價值。本研究初步提出二點發現。發現一：舊書商願意損失經濟利益。這個現象首先或許與經濟人類學實質論的觀點有關，那就是舊書商重視維繫社會的良性整合以及與交易對方的關係，相較之下個人願意接受自己未必在經濟活動裡增加利益的結果。舊書商的具體作為則是可以提供老顧客更為優惠的售價，以及針對居於社會弱勢的拾荒者給予增加收購數量或者較佳的收購價格。漢人文化與人為善的理念也可能促成舊書商願意損失經濟利益。該理念協助我們理解經營一門商業買賣的行業，為了與人保持和諧關係，有時候舊書商願意將舊書贈送自己的鄰居或是年老的拾荒者。至於第二點初步發現則是：舊書商多面向衡量舊書價值。正是因為舊書具有銷售價值以外的其他價值內涵，因此舊書商願意不需要經過交易也允許舊書流通離開舊書店。至於可能影響舊書商衡量舊書價值的可能面向還來自書籍的物性特徵以及人與舊書的親密關係。

關鍵字

價值,物,流通,舊書商,漢人文化

並列摘要

This ethnography aims to understand how secondhand booksellers weigh the value of secondhand books. This research proposes two possible findings. First, booksellers are willing to lose their economic benefits. Perhaps this phenomenon relates to the substantive thought of economic anthropology, that booksellers may pay more attention to maintain the positive social integration and the relations with the exchange partners than actually benefit in the economic action. Concretely, booksellers can offer patrons favourable price, and increase purchasing quantities or give better purchasing price to scavengers who are disadvantaged. Being good to people, an idea of Han Chinese culture also promotes the will that losing economic benefits. It helps us understand booksellers would give books to their neighbours or scavengers who are disadvantaged and old for free even through managing a commercial trade, just to have harmonious relations with people. Second, booksellers weigh the value of books multifaceted. They are will to allow books to circulate without a deal have made just because books have more value contents except selling value. For example, the characteristics of books or relations between people and books may influence booksellers weigh the value of books.