長照新動力：青年居服員的關懷倫理學實踐與反思

台灣長期照顧人力投入緩不濟急，從微視層面到鉅視層面，顯示出種種問題，包括老老照顧的困難、居家照顧的困境、照顧人力斷層、性別不平等、政策制定的發展與台灣青年職涯的發展與困境。本研究將從關懷倫理學的角度進行探討，了解有關青年居服員與家庭、社會、政策間的角色關係。本研究採質性深度訪談，選取八位受訪者進行研究，將受訪者之相關經驗進行分析與討論，並提出結論與建議，其結果如下: (一)投入前後對居家照顧的想像受訪者中對於居家的想像多數是陌生的，投入後有五位受訪者以正向態度看待照顧政策與投入的居家照顧工作，亦有三位則是採取負面角度看待，其中又職涯發展不穩、制度不健全為主要考量。 (二)青年居服服務員投入照顧的成長與冒險 1.針對八位居服員所提出的投入契機進行歸納分析，影響因素包括經濟壓力、找尋真正想做的事情、延續家人的愛、從事居家更人性，與受親友的看法與影響為主。 2.青年居服員針對留任的困境為居服跳板、職業傷害、車禍風險、薪資不穩、性別不平等、團隊氣勢不足、保護支持能力不足、政策不利於長期投入等為最多人提出。 3.青年居服員針對工作上的成長動力與職涯發展，以關懷力量為主，看見案主的 iv 成長，與彼此的互助關係尤其重要，視個人與團隊的能力，分析案主需求，投入正確的照顧中，形成無形的信任、成就、安慰的力量，也藉此關懷的過程，增加照顧等不同面向的學習能力與成長機會，透過陪伴，讓多方受惠。 (三)照顧沒有「局外人」投入前青年對於照顧一知半解，甚至受到他人的不了解而被排擠，青年亦能透過建立好的照顧，建立良好的善與關懷制度，對案主提供適切的照顧服務，以個人、團隊到大眾的力量，讓照顧不再侷限於個人、家庭，而是全體照顧責任。

關鍵字

青年居服員；長期照顧；居家照顧；關懷倫理學

並列摘要

Labor shortage is a serious problem for long-term care in Taiwan. Besides the shortage of care manpower. current problems of long-term care include the difficulties of old-age care, the dilemma of home care, gender inequality for caring work, and the young people reluctant to enter caring system. This research explores the roles and experiences of young home care attendants doing caring work from the perspective of care ethics. This research uses qualitative in-depth interview to collect data from eight interviewees.The main findings are as followed: (I) Imagination of home care before and after involving in long-term care Most of the interviewees were unfamiliar with the content of long-term care. After becoming a care worker, five respondents viewed the care policy and the home care work with a positive attitude, and three also took a negative point and even regretted the involving in long-term care. The main concerns are the precarious career development and the system deficiency. (II) Growth and experiences of young home care attendants 1. Reasons that influence the young home care attendants to engage in caring work by the vi eight subjects, including financial pressure, finding what they really want to do, continuing the relationship with family members, engaging in more humane home care, and being mainly influenced by the opinions and influence of relatives and friends. 2. The barriers of young home care attendants for staying in the home care system are occupational injury, car accident risk, salary instability, gender inequality, insufficient team momentum, insufficient protection and support ability, and policies that are not conducive to long-term investment. 3. The young home care attendants concern about the personal growth and career development of the work. It is particularly important to see the change of the client, and the mutual assistance relationship with each other. According to the capability of the individual and the team, analyze the needs of the client and invest In the proper care, the invisible trust, achievement, and comfort power are formed, and the caring process is also used to increase the learning ability and growth opportunities in different aspects, such as care, and benefit multiple parties through companionship. (III) Caring without "outsider" Most subjects are ignorant of long-term care before engaging in caring work. The young people could be good care worker and building a caring system for the clients. The responsibility of care is no longer limited to individuals, families, but also the responsibility of state.