低收入戶資格認定經驗與感受之探討-以高雄市社會救助服務使用為例

社會救助法是為協助貧窮者而制訂，旨在照顧弱勢者並協助其自立，雖然社會救助制度有其美意，但相關文獻卻指出其可能會讓人產生負向感受，因此，本研究旨在探究低收入戶於資格認定歷程中之相關經驗與主觀感受，以受助者為發聲主體，試圖了解受助者在社會救助制度中經歷了哪些事。本研究採用質性研究方法，以立意取樣之「同質性取樣」方式來選取樣本，透過「高雄市社福慈善團體聯合會」協助宣傳與調查，以其「新生代希望工程計畫」之青少年家長為對象，共有11位受訪者參與。研究發現，受助者於低收入戶資格認定歷程中之經驗可分為兩類：一、制度接觸經驗，包含了：「訊息不夠透明」、「承辦人員特質決定正負向經驗」、「家庭條件決定申辦順利程度」及「官方主宰一切」等四項；二、個人生活事件，包含：「為了孩子赴湯蹈火在所不辭」、「解決核心問題，學習珍惜互惠」與「隱藏低收入戶身份，避免引起不必要的麻煩」三項。而感受的部份，也歸納為兩類：一、負向感受：「先入為主的負面想像」、「無奈與難過」及「無法減輕的虧欠感」；二、正向感受：「免去恐懼、提升生活掌控感」、「溫暖及被同理」與「知足感激」等。此外，研究亦發現受助者在低收入戶資格認定歷程中的經驗與感受會相互影響，而轉化思考在其中扮演重要的調節因子，因此受助者之經驗感受不再全然偏向負向，而是在因應調適之後朝正向轉念。

關鍵字

低收入戶；經驗；感受

並列摘要

Public Assistance Act is constituted to assist the people in poverty. The Act enacted to care for low-income households, assist persons in need during an emergency or disaster, and help them to live independently. Although the social assistant institution has good intent, relative literature indicates that the institution may lead people to the negative perception. Thus, this research aims to explore the experience and the subjective perception of low-income households in the qualification course. Mainly to recipients’ voice, trying to know what recipients happened in the social assistant institution. The research adopt the qualitative research method. Choosing samaple in the homogeneous sampling of the judgment sampling. There were 11 interviews who were the teenagers’ parents in New Generation Hope Project to participate in this research. In the research, we found that we could classify 2 categories about the experiences of recipients in the low-income households qualification course. First, the contact experience with institution, including “information was not clear enough”, “the positive or negative experience depend on the characteristics of the administrator”, “the smoothness of the application depend on the family conditions” and “the officers dominated all”; secondly, personal events, including: “ giving children all of the things”, “solving nuclear problems and learning to treasure and reciprocate” and “hiding the identity of recipient and avoiding to cause unnecessary trouble”. About perception, also sorts two categories: first of all, negative perception : “subjective negative imagination”, “frustration and sorrow” and “without relaxing the sense of owing”;secondly, positive perception : “removing the fear and promoting the sense of handling of life”, “warm and empathy” and “contented and gratitude”. Besides, we also found the recipients’ experiences and perception would influence each other in the low-income households qualification course. Modificatory thinking play an important adjustment factor. Therefore ,the experiential reception of recipients do not bias negative completely and the experiential reception of recipients star to change to be positive.