從「真空妙有」論決策的弔詭性與偶變性

A Study of the Paradox and Contingency of Decision-making Based on The Absolute Void and Supernatural Existence

張惠珍(Hei-Chen Chang)

指導教授 ： 黃鉦堤

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/公共行政與政策學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2009.00020

摘要

國內公共行政與政策學界提出多種決策理論。即使如此，本文認為決策理論的內容應該是開放的，因此還可以有另一種見解，例如佛學的「真空妙有」與「緣起性空」的義理也可算是一種決策理論。
本文首先界定決策是一種意識的自我指涉過程，其從數個可能性中選出一個現實性，決策因此可以「可能性/現實性」思考圖示來表示。其中，圖示中的「/」可稱為區別；而「現實性」則稱為標示。決策因此就是透過一個區別所進行的標示。其次，本文以《心經》部分經文詮釋「真空妙有」，指出這是一種無執著的肯定之境界。第三，闡述在真空妙有的觀照下，決策因為是建立在自我指涉與區別的使用，所以具有弔詭性；若從未被選出者來看當下被選定的區別、參考點與標示，則此種被選定並非是必要的，但也不是不可能，因此具有偶變性。第四，舉出決策具有弔詭性與偶變性在公共行政與政策領域與日常生活上的應用實例並從中反思，希望能對緣起性空進行價值內化與自我提升。

關鍵字

決策理論 ； 真空妙有 ； 緣起性空 ； 自我指涉 ； 決策 ； 弔詭性 ； 偶變性

並列摘要

In the research community of the public administration and policy many different theories of decision-making have been proposed and documented. However, this paper presents a new point of view for decision-making from Buddhism: the prospect of “The Absolute Void and Supernatural Existence” and “Dependent Origination”
In this thesis , we first define that the decision-making is a process of the self-reference from the consciousness. One“actuality” may be selected from a few possibilities, hence the decision-making can be visualized through a [possibility/actuality] diagram. The [/] sign in the diagram can be treated as the distinction, and the actuality as the indication. The whole decision making is a procedure, which makes an indication through distinction. In the second important part of this thesis, the essence of the “The Absolute Void and Supernatural Existence” from the famous “Heart Sutra” has been illustrated to show a ultimate status of “non – obsessed point of view”. The paper clearly pointed out that under the an even “non- obsessed point of view”, it can be easily understood that the decision-making is to make distinction through self-reference, hence decision making has paradox. Also from the ground of an unselected issue, the selected decision issue is not absolutely necessary, also not impossible, hence decision making has contingency.
Finally, this paper suggested that in both the public and private domains the decision making process has the characteristics of paradox and contingency, how to apply this understanding and properly use the essence of “The Absolute Void and Supernatural Existence” and “ Dependent Origination” in the real life is an important self realization progress.

並列關鍵字

theory of decision ； making ； The Absolute Void and Supernatural Existence ； Dependent Origination ； self-reference ； decision-making ； paradox ； contingency

參考文獻

一、中文部分

于宗先，1994，〈我的治學觀〉，聯合報，中華民國83年5月3日第37頁。

于凌波，1992，《唯識學綱要》，臺北：東大圖書公司。

元音老人（鍾鼎）、齊志軍譯，1997，《心經抉隱》，臺北：佛陀教育基金會。

元音老人，2003，《心經抉隱》，臺北：佛陀教育基金會。