印度高等教育擴張政策之研究

本研究旨在對印度高等教育擴張政策進行分析。首先探究印度高等教育之發展、現況，以及高等教育政策之沿革與高等教育擴張政策之內涵，接著應用政策歷史（policy historiography）與政策考古學（policy archaeology）方法分析印度高等教育擴張政策，以瞭解政策的背景脈絡與形成規則。經政策歷史與政策考古學分析後，本研究之主要發現，在政策歷史方面：一、高等教育擴張是印度政府持續關注並主導的議題；二、高等教育擴張政策促使高等教育機構數量與學生人數大幅增加；三、高等教育擴張政策之目標隨印度發展情形而調整；四、高等教育擴張使印度經濟成長但也呈現高等教育發展不均的情形。在政策考古學方面：一、印度高等教育政策之擬定多依賴委員會；二、高等教育擴張政策之制定依循規則；三、政策行動者對於高等教育擴張有共識但政策決定過程長久且複雜。根據分析結果，本研究對印度制定高等教育擴張政策提出以下建議：一、高等教育擴張政策之制定宜多考量印度社會背景脈絡；二、改善經濟與識字率以促進高等教育均衡發展；三、鼓勵現存高等教育機構經費來源多元化以利擴張。

關鍵字

印度；政策考古學；政策歷史；高等教育擴張；教育政策

並列摘要

This study aims to analyze the expansion policies of higher education in India. First, this study reviewed and examined the development and current status of higher education, the history of making higher education policies, and the content of expanding higher education policies. The researcher applied policy historiography and policy archaeology methods to analyze higher education expansion policies to understand the background of policies and the rules of making policies. The result reveals that from a policy historiography perspective, higher education expansion issue is continually arousing notices and concerns by Indian government. Also, the higher education expansion policies make huge increase of higher education institutions and student numbers. Furthermore, the developmental goals and contents of expanding higher education policies are adjusting based on the developmental status, and higher education expansion provides economical growth in India; yet, it also creates unequally higher education developed issues in India. From a policy archaeology perspective, the higher education policies in India are conducted by committee and standard rules. However, the process of making higher education expansion policies takes a long period of time. Based on the result, the study proposed the following recommendations: First, the Indian government should also take Indian society background in account to make the higher education expansion policies. Second, promoting balanced development of higher education should improve economy and literacy rate. Last, the higher education fundings sources should be diversified to promote expansion.