- 學位論文
美國21世紀社區學習中心方案實施之初探
Study of the 21st Century Community Learning Center Program in U.S.A.
摘要
先進國家的共識為投資未來的主人翁如同建設國家的未來，兒童是國家未來的棟樑，除了家庭供給基礎的發展，社區組織、學校到政府機構，都影響著他們的未來。由於雙薪家庭的普遍現象，大部分學齡兒童於課後參加課後輔導，課後輔導的需求增多坊間私人設立的課後輔導機構如雨後春筍開設，品質卻良莠不齊，因此本研究以美國21世紀學習中心課後計畫進行分析及探討，目的是想了解社區學習中心所提供的課後輔導活動，是否能提供較多的學習機會, 希望能提供我國在未來課後相關計畫訂定之參考。 本研究的主要研究結果如下： 1. 美國當地政府機構和資助單位等共同領導，形成的非營利性中介組織合作建設課後系統，致力於提高及建立全市性的課後系統。 2. 非營利性中介組織機構保持密切的合作關係後，讓營運課後機構相關者能夠依照不同性質，有效提供孩子的發展，以發揮最大的潛力。 3. 課後輔導活動除了輔導學生閱讀能力、數學能力，並設計網路科技、藝術、相關課程；同時也促進家長參與和終身學習的機會。 4. 美國因為對課後托育的需求繼而發展課後計畫，社會循環交替，當孩子都受到妥善的照顧、均衡的發展，不但降低了犯罪率，也安定了社會。
並列摘要
Advanced countries, such as the United States, well recognize that children are the pillars of the country’s future. Much is invested in their education and social well-being and development from an early age. A range of government agencies and community-based organizations are available and structured to nurture them and provide them with the best opportunities, whatever their needs and talents might be. As double-income families become more prevalent in society, most school- aged children also participate in after-school learning and counseling programs. This has led to the growth of a range of community and private organizations that cater for this need. The content and quality of these programs vary from place to place, depending on a range of factors. The object- tive of this study is to assess the Community Learning Centre programs in the United States in the present day, with the aim of understanding how they might be relevant and applicable to other countries and societies. This includes the types of organizations involved, level of teaching, oppor- tunities for sport and other activities, as well as other benefits that accrue for society. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1. US local government agencies and private organizations are committed to building and improving after-school systems and programs, and generally work together to form non-profit organizations to cater for this need. 2. These non-profit organizations work in close partnership with each other and with the schools, in order to better understand and target specific needs and assist the child in realizing his or her maximum potential. 3. After-school activities include counseling, reading, art, mathematics, internet technology, music, related courses, and sport. Parental involvement and lifelong learning opportunities are promoted and encouraged. 4. After-school programs are found to be essential to a strong social fabric, where children can receive proper care and direction in a balanced environment and are exposed to other activities and opportunities outside school. This has been found to reduce crime rates and assist in creating a more stable society.