老年人住家運動環境、體能活動量與健康狀態之相關性分析－以台中為例

本研究主要探討老年人對運動場所主觀認知、地理資訊系統(GIS)測量的環境數據及健康狀況對體能活動量之相關性，以瞭解影響老年人運動的因素。透過問卷方式收集台中都會區65歲以上老年人的資料，並利用地理資訊系統(GIS)測量老年人住家附近運動場所數量及距離做為環境數據。經資料檢測發現老年人有在運動場所運動的習慣與體能活動量的高低有內生性問題存在，因此利用工具變數解決此內生性問題，並且以Treatment Effect Model進行迴歸分析。研究結果顯示，老年人住家與公園距離越近且住家附近公園數量越多，使得老年人越會去公園運動，且在公園運動的老年人體能活動量相對較高，故透過本研究可知公園對老年人而言是重要的休閒運動場所，可提供政府建立適合老年人活動的公園場所，以提升老年人體能活動量。

關鍵字

老年人；體能活動量；地理資訊系統；內生性

並列摘要

This research examines the factors affecting their amount of the physical activity of elders, including their subjective cognition to the sport grounds, the objective sport environment estimated by Geographic Information System (GIS), their healthy conditions. A quantitative questionnaire is applied to collect the data of the elder citizens above 65-year-old in Taichung and GIS is employed to generate the numbers and distance of the sport grounds near the residences of the elders as the environmental data. Previous studies have indicated that there is an endogeneity problem between the habits of the elders doing excise in the sport ground and the amounts of their physical activity. Therefore, instrumental variables are adopted to adjust this endogeneity problem and the Treatment Effect Model is applied for the regression analysis. Results of this research show that the more and closer parks are in the residential neighborhood of the elders, the more possible elder citizens choose to exercise in parks. Also, the elders who have habits to excise in the sport ground practice higher amounts of physical activity. As can be seen, parks are important leisure and sport venues to the elder citizens. The results indicate that park facilities are important factors for the elders to exercise more for the sake of physical fitness.