誰不值得救助？福利依賴本土概念之呈現

本研究旨在了解社會救助審查人員對於貧窮原因、脫貧原因之看法，探究其對於值得與不值得救助的界定，呈現福利依賴本土概念，並了解其對於現行社會救助政策之看法。本研究以中部四縣市之縣市政府與鄉鎮市區公所從事社會救助審查業務之承辦人為研究對象，其分析後得到的研究結論如下：一、貧窮者的圖像 1.貧窮者類型以老人、身障者、單身戶、罹患重大疾病者、子女眾多家庭居多。 2.致貧因素仍偏重個人歸因。 3.為有自尊心強、有上進心者才有機會真正脫離貧窮。二、值不值得救助的分野 1.想關心的對象並非就是值得救助者。 2.不值得救助者為背離我國傳統規範之行為品行、工作倫理、家庭倫理者。 3.福利依賴概念之解讀以主觀看法為主。三、因應福利依賴的政策思維 1.單親家庭因戶長性別不同，所遭遇的問題及處境有差異。 2.視不同個案之需求，提供個別化服務，以協助貧窮者儘快脫貧。 3.對於現行社會救助政策之看法： (1) 社會救助法規定嚴苛，需要協助者難以被納入社會救助體系中。 (2) 以積極方式解決貧窮問題。 (3) 加強社會教育，修正大眾之道德觀。

關鍵字

貧窮；社會救助；不值得救助者；福利依賴

並列摘要

The research aims to explore opinions of village secretaries about reasons of poverty, reason of leaving poverty, exploring boundary of deserving and undeserving, analyzing and exploring constructing concept of welfare dependency consisting with our culture context, and understanding opinions of policy of social assistance. The research target on social assistance bureaucracy in county government, the results as follows: Firstly, the image of poverty: most poverty persons focus on elderly, disability, single household, family of many children. Reasons of poverty prevails over personal attribute. Leaving poverty persons are more self-esteem, aggressive people. Secondly, the boundary of deserving and undeserving: the persons wanting to care are not certainly the deserving poor. The undeserving poor are against traditional norms of behaviors ethics, working ethics, family ethics. Primary persons interpreting concept of welfare dependency are subjective thinking. Last but not least, the policy of coping welfare dependence: there are different questions and situations in different gender single parent. Depending different needs, we would provide individual service to assist persons of poverty leaving poverty. The viewpoints of social assistance: the law of social assistance is so strict that it’s difficult to help those who need, Using active method to solve poverty problems, increasing social education to amend normal value of public.