探討台灣家暴社工督導角色功能之應然面與實然面

The supervisory function in domestic violence social work in Taiwan -idea as compared with practice

蘇怡如(Yi-Ru Su)

指導教授 ： 汪淑媛

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/社會政策與社會工作學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

論文摘要
社工督導對社工員可能是助力，也可能是壓力的來源，現階段台灣家暴社工督導角色是否能發揮其應有功能，至今並無整體性的研究評估分析。本研究邀請公部門家暴防治中心的社工督導和社工員分別針對社工督導功能的應然面和實然面，表達其看法與觀點，並進一步探究督導功能發展的相關條件，以提供實務界參考。
本研究在方法上採取質量並重，先採取問卷調查法進行資料蒐集，研究對象為各縣市家暴中心處理家暴業務之社工督導和社工員，督導問卷總共發放33份，回收21份，回收率63.64％。受督導者問卷總共發放187份，回收136份，回收率72.72％。之後採取深入訪談法，訪談四名社工督導和四名社工員。研究發現歸納如下四點：
一、 督導功能應然面：全體研究參與者認為督導功能應該具備的功能首重教育功能，其次支持功能，最後是行政功能。督導則認為首重行政功能，其次支持功能，最後才是教育功能。社工員則認為首重教育功能，其次支持功能，最後行政功能。
二、 督導功能實然面：在督導功能實際執行層面，全體研究參與者認為教育功能執行程度大於支持功能與行政功能。督導者與社工員皆認為教育功能執行程度大於支持功能以及行政功能。然而社工員與社工督導在督導功能實然面上有顯著的差異，即是督導者表示其督導功能執行程度高於社工員。
三、 督導功能應然面與實然面的落差：督導者認為在行政功能的應然面和實然面是有落差。社工員認為在行政功能、教育功能、支持功能，以及整體層面的應然面和實然面是有落差。而造成落差的阻礙因素有「社工員的抗拒」、「督導能力不足」、「督導與社工員的工作理念不合」、「督導的角色衝突」、「未接受過督導訓練」、「督導和社工員的比例過高」。
四、 發揮家暴督導功能的條件：就個體條件而言，督導本身需要具備豐富的實務經驗，具備相關家暴內涵的專業知識，以及在專業能力上具備溝通協調能力和敏銳度。在人格特質上具備包容、接納及不斷自我學習成長。客觀環境條件的配合則是設立外聘督導機制、機構主管充分授權。
最後，本研究建議機構應調整督導和社工員的比例、釐清督導職責、督導訓練、外聘督導機制；社工員應主動尋求同儕支持、建立信任的督導關係；督導者則應充實督導能力，與社工員溝通工作理念達成共識。故建立良好督導關係，機構、督導、以及社工員三方皆有責任。

關鍵字

家庭暴力 ； 社工督導 ； 社工督導功能

並列摘要

Abstract
For a social worker, social work supervision may be either assistance or a source of stress. There are very limited studies so far about evaluating or analyzing whether the social work supervision on domestic violence in Taiwan at present functions properly or not. This investigation invites the opinions and views of the social work supervisors and social workers from the domestic violence prevention centers in public sector on the ideal and practice of social work supervision respectively, and it further explores the conditions relevant to facilitate the function of social work supervision.
This study uses both quantitative and qualitative approach.. A questionnaire survey is first conducted for collecting data, in which a total of 33 questionnaires for supervisors are sent, and a total of 21 returns are received, the response rate 63.64％; a total of 187 questionnaires for the workers supervised are sent, and a total of 136 returns are received, the response rate 72.72％. The method of in-depth interview is then applied, in which 4 social work supervisors and 4 social workers are interviewed respectively. The four findings concluded from the research are described as follows:
1. The ideal of supervision functions: All the research participants think that the prior function that the supervision should be equipped with is the educational function, following by the supportive function and, finally, the administrative function. In detail, the supervisors see the administrative function as the prior one, the supportive function the second and the educational function the final while the social workers believe that the educational function is the prior one, the supportive function the second and the administrative function the final.
2. The practice of supervision functions: At the practice level of supervision, all the research participants think that the educational function executes more than the supportive function and the administrative function. The supervisors and the social workers both think that the educational function executes more than the supportive function and the administrative function. However, there are significant differences between the social workers and the social work supervisors on the practical aspect of supervision functions, that is, the supervisors deem that their supervision function executes more than that of the social workers.
3. The differences between the ideal and practical functions of supervision: The supervisors believe that there are differences between the ideal and reality of the administrative function. In addition, the social workers think that there are differences between the ideal and reality of the administrative function, the educational function, the supportive function and the wholeness. The impeding factors resulting in these differences include the resistance from social workers, the insufficient capability of supervision, the disagreement of working ideas between supervisors and social workers, the role conflict of supervision, a lack of training on supervision skills, and the excessively high ratio of supervisors and social workers.
4. The conditions for bringing the functions of social work supervision into full play: Individually, a supervisor should possess abundant practical experience, professional knowledge related to domestic violence and be communicative and sensitive. For the characteristics, a supervisor should be tolerating as well as acceptant and never stop learning. Moreover, the objective environment conditions include setting up an external supervision mechanism and a full authorization from the management of the organization.
In conclusion, we suggest that organizations should adjust the ratio of supervisors and social workers and clarify the supervising responsibility, the training of supervision, and the external supervision mechanism; social workers should actively seek for the support from the peer and construct a reliable supervisory relationship; supervisors should solidify the supervising ability and communicate with the social workers about the working ideas in order to achieve a common consensus. Consequently, organizations, supervisors, and social workers are all responsible for constructing a fine supervisory relationship.

並列關鍵字

domestic violence ； social work supervision ； the function of social work supervision

參考文獻

邱琇琳（2005）。專業助人者之替代性受創與因應策略—以公部門家防社工為例。國立台灣大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。

連廷嘉、徐西森（2003）。諮商督導者與實習諮商員督導經驗之分析。應用心理研究，18，89-111。

參考文獻

◎中文文獻：

王淑貞（2003）。服務品質領航—出探北市婦女機中的督導制度。國立政治大學社會學研究所碩士論文。