戰後嬰兒潮世代跨越老化之研究

本研究分兩個研究階段。研究階段一旨在討探嬰兒潮世代對傳統世代之老年印象、對其高齡生活之認知與對跨越老化之認知。研究階段二之研究目的則為瞭解嬰兒潮世代之成功跨越老化特質與探討成功化越老化之影響因素。研究階段一採焦點團體訪談方式進行，共進行七次焦點團體，總計二十四名焦點團體參與者。研究階段二採個別深度訪談方式進行，共計有四名個別訪談研究參與者，兩階段皆採開放編碼方式進行質性資料分析。本研究之主要研究發現如下：一、嬰兒潮世代對傳統世代的老年印象：（一）傳統世代之社會背景特徵包含：農業社會、生活困頓、鄰里關係穩固、缺乏享樂機會等四項。（二）傳統世代之老化時間點分為早逝者四、五十歲即體衰；顯老多從六十歲開始及體建者七、八十歲退化等三類。（三）傳統世代之老化現象包括：生理機能衰退、外觀顯老、記憶力減退、反應遲鈍、喪失尊嚴與早逝等六項。（四）傳統世代的生活型態可分為個人層面、家庭層面及社會層面三個面向，個人層面包含：作息規律、歡喜學習、規律運動、閱讀書報看電視消磨時間。家庭層面為三代同堂、含飴弄孫。社會層面為：參與高齡社群、持續工作維持家計。二、嬰兒潮世代對高齡生活的認知：（一）嬰兒潮世代之社會背景特徵包含：農業社會生活困頓、社會快速變遷、升學競爭壓力大、手足眾多食指浩繁、資訊多元獲取新知易、經濟穩定成長努力就有收獲、鄰里關係疏離等。（二）嬰兒潮世代的老化態度包含：對「老」之界定打破年齡界限、不服老、未感受老之將至、坦然面對老化等四項。（三）嬰兒潮世代對生活困境的認知包含：生理機能衰退、記憶力減退、親友逐漸流失、經濟負擔沈重、三明治生活壓力等五項困境。（四）嬰兒潮世代理想的老年生活型態包括：1.個人層面：經濟無虞、培養興趣歡喜學習、休閒種類多元、規律運動健康養生、隨心所欲及時行樂、尊嚴離世；2.家庭層面：家庭和樂、含飴弄孫、配偶相伴；3.社會層面：參與公益活動、寄託宗教、與友相伴、持續工作、回歸田園生活。三、嬰兒潮世代對跨越老化的認知可分為宇宙層面、自我層面及個人與社會層面等三個部分，其內涵如下：1.宇宙層面：包含不畏懼死亡坦然面對老化、回憶過往經驗、與宇宙大自然相連結、接受生命中的奧祕、覺察生活中的小確幸等五項。2.自我層面：包含自我面質反求諸己、以利他行為取代自我中心、對金錢與物質的態度改變、轉念、自我統整等五項。3.個人與社會關係層面：包含重新調整角色位置、正向獨處、適當交友、簡樸生活、打破社會規範包容接納他人等六項。四、嬰兒潮世代的成功跨越老化特質可分為宇宙層面、自我層面及個人與社會關係層面，其內涵如下：1.宇宙層面：包含不畏懼死亡、覺察生活中的小確幸對微小的事物感到欣喜、回憶過往經驗、重新解讀過去經驗、珍惜萬物、增加與上一代間的聯結、接納生活中神秘而不可解的事等六項特質。2.自我層面：包括凡事看開正向思考、自我面質反求諸己、身體上的超越、以利他行為取代自我中心、改變金錢觀、自我成長持續學習與自我統整人生圓滿等八項特質。3.個人與社會關係層面：包含回歸簡樸生活、不在意世俗眼光活出自我、不拘泥於規範，享受正向獨處、調整角色位置、結交新友人、接納及包容他人觀點等七項特質。研究者根據上述研究結果進行討論，並據此結果提供若干建議以作為未來研究、嬰兒潮世代高齡者、社會政策及心理衛生工作者之參考。

關鍵字

戰後嬰兒潮世代；老化；跨越老化

並列摘要

Two stages had taken in the execution of this research. Stage 1: The purpose of the research was to explore the aging image of baby boomer generation. The participants were including 24 baby boomers who were born in 1946 to 1955. The study data was collected by focus group. Stage 2: The purpose of the research was to explore the successful traits of gerotranscendence of baby boomer generation, and to explore the factors affecting gerotranscendence process. The participants were 4 baby boomers who were born in 1946 to 1955. The study data was collected by depth interview method. Results were as following: First, the attitude about aging of baby boomers include: 1) The aging and lifestyle of traditional generation: law of life, lack of opportunities for enjoyment, physiological decline, death early. 2) The image of aging and lifestyle of baby boomers: economic in dependence, keep learning and working, join the public service activities, cherish family, make new friends ,death with dignity. Second, the successful traits of gerotranscendence include: 1) The comic level: no fear of death, reframe past experience, cherish and rejoicing everything, connect to earlier generation, accept mystery. 2) The self level: open-mind, self confrontation, the transcendence of body, asceticism, change the view of money, self growing,and self integrity, 3) The individual and social relationship level: break away some conventions, change roles, make new friends, and emancipated innocence. Finally, the factors affect gerotranscendence include: 1) Individual factors: personal experience, economic factor, time factor, physical and mental health; 2) Family factors: harmonious family; 3) social and culture factors: others experience, religion, stable society, elegant aid, and convenient life.