越南湄公河流域洪氾區之在地水域治理

越南雖然與台灣的經貿有高度來往，但泰國洪災期間越南亦有水患之苦，媒體的關注程度卻不及泰國的十分之一。這個國家雖然每年遭遇洪水，在稻米出口上卻已是坐二望一，人民對於洪水也是處變不驚，使得稻米量產的因素及人民看待洪水的態度，則與該區的水域治理有高度相關。本研究探討了越南湄公河流域洪氾區水域治理的時間與空間背景，並梳理出水域治理的影響因素。透過訪談與田野實察，分析當地居民水域生活的面貌、對於洪水的看法及與洪水相處的思維。實際抵達當地，進行在地水域治理設施的影像記錄，以求獲致水域治理的具體資料，了解實際的建設與設施。歸納出位處湄公河洪氾區的越南，在洪患年年造訪的條件下，人民仍能處變不驚，並得以保有稻米出口大國地位的主要原因。最後歸結出越南湄公河洪氾區的水域治理特色在於「適應」的原則，人民的思維則是「與洪水共同生活」，而這些都是許多先進國家，在面臨氣候變遷的趨勢之下，重新思考的水域治理新方向。

關鍵字

水域治理；湄公河流域；洪氾區；適應；與洪水共同生活

並列摘要

Although Vietnam has a high degree of economic and trade dealings with Taiwan, and also suffered flooding during the floods in Thailand, the degree of media attention in Vietnam is less than one tenth in Thailand. Although there are floods in the country every year, it is already sitting a second look on rice exports, and the people has no panic of the flood, moreover, the factors that making rice production and people's views of the flood, are highly correlated with water governance in the area. This study investigated the temporal and spatial context of waters governance in Vietnam Floodplains of the Mekong River Basin, and listed the factors that influence waters governance systematically. Using interviews and real field observation to know the style of life near waters, analyzing local residents views and thinking along with the flood. Truly arrived local, recording images and videos, searching specific information, and know the actual construction and facilities of local waters governance. Summed up the main reasons while Vietnamese didn’t panic and Vietnam can maintain a major exporter of rice that situating the Mekong floodplains and under floods impacting every year. Finally, summarizing the characteristics of the waters governance of Mekong floodplains is principle called "adaptation", the thinking of the people are "living with floods", which are waters governance new direction in many advanced countries while facing the climate change trends.