原住民個人改宗：貝德芬宣教士與山地伯特利女子聖經書院研究

論文摘要筆者以「個人改宗」（individual conversion）作為本文宗教人類學研究的重心，個人改宗的意涵有二，第一是本文研究對象原住民，進入山地伯特利女子聖經書院而改宗的過程，是個人進行的，與部落集體改宗關連較小。另一個層次是研究對象改宗基督後，其宗教生活與基督認知，是非常個人的。本文將以來自德國婦女佈道祈禱會的貝德芬（Anna Begemann）宣教士，在埔里為原住民少女所創設山地伯特利女子聖經書院（Tribal Girls’ Bethel Bible School），對原住民所作的改宗影響為例進行分析。本文分析了貝教士的宣教特性如何影響了原住民少女學生的改宗過程，貝教士以神學、品德、知識、女性甚至西方生活文化的各種教育內容，作為教育宣教的策略，改變了進入伯特利聖經書院就讀這些原住民少女的信仰與生命。經由文獻整理了山地伯特利女子聖經書院的宣教生活，以及對當年學生追蹤密集的訪問和生命史的記錄，筆者重建了貝教士所影響的原住民個人，她們的改宗歷程與意涵。本文結論指出原住民個人改宗基督與個人生命歷程有緊密的關連：無論是社會文化的脈絡、宗教與基督的指涉，都是人生活與認知的客體；但是差異的個人感知與個人詮釋，才是導致她們現下多元的宗教生活樣貌的原因，個人生活存在的處境，才是影響她們基督信仰意涵個人詮釋的關鍵。

關鍵字

宣教士；原住民；改宗；個人改宗；生命史；基督；詮釋

並列摘要

Abstrct The thesis is built around the concern of individual conversion within anthropology of religion. By individual conversion this thesis means: first, contrasted with the tribal mass conversion, it refers to a mental transformation inside a person who converts his or her religion. I specifically examine the individual mental dimension of the aboriginal people who converted into Christianity after entering Tribal Girls' Bethel Bible School in the thesis. Secondly, it also refers to the changes in personal religious life and recognition of Christ after the religious conversion. The thesis studies ministry of Anna Begemann, a Missionary from Deutscher Frauen Missions Gebetsbund, D.F.M.G.B., with focus on the Tribal Girls' Bethel Bible School in Puli, established by Begemann as her important mission on Taiwan. The School is explored to exhibit and analyze the preaching and missionary ways Begemann had imposed upon the aboriginal students individual conversions. I analyze the extent the speciality of Begemann's missionary ministry has influenced the processes of the aboriginal female students’ conversions. Begemann used various educational materials and methods in light of her understanding of theology, virtue education, modern knowledge, female education, as well as western culture, to be her strategies of education. The purpose of those missionary conducts was aimed to facilitate the conversions of the aboriginal female students and at the same time to change their ways of life. Using archive analysis of the missionary ministry in Tribal Girls' Bethel Bible School, also by deep interviews with the graduated students, the thesis is able to reconstruct the life biographies of these individuals influenced by Begemann, showing their processes of conversions and how that meant to them. The thesis concludes the close connection between individual conversion and the individual life history among those aboriginal people. As I demonstrate in the life biographies, the socio-cultural elements and the references of “religion” and “Christ” construct the objects they approach the Christianity. But I also want to show that the diversities of the individual perception and interpretation are the cause leading to the diversities in their present religious lives. In the end, the context within which individuals live is actually the key for their individual interpretation of their faith in Christ.