台灣目睹暴力兒童服務實務困境與因應策略之探討

隨著目睹暴力兒童漸被重視，台灣開始發展社會工作專業服務來回應這些孩子的需要，以期修復目睹兒的創傷。然而目睹暴力兒童服務的發展時期並不長，以致服務內涵仍有不足之處。本研究目的在於瞭解台灣當前目睹暴力兒童服務的服務內容，進一步檢視社工人員在執行與發展服務上所面臨的阻礙與困境，以及他們解決問題之因應策略，最後根據研究發現與結果提出相關建議。本研究期待能引起大眾對目睹暴力兒童服務的關注，進而在專業服務的發展上有所助益，使這群孩子能得到更完整且合適之服務。依據研究目的，本研究邀請五名提供目睹暴力兒童服務的社會工作者與督導參與質性訪談。訪談資料以階層分析法進行整理與分析。研究結果發現：一、目睹之服務對象主要為學齡前幼童及少數學齡期兒少；目前目睹服務機構多以一站式服務型態提升服務效能與完善性。其中服務注重在孩子於暴力事件中所受之傷害的輔導與修復，以及糾正其對暴力行為的認知，同時也提升照顧者親職與問題解決能力等，並與跨專業人員分工協助目睹孩童。二、現今服務面臨四大層面之困境，包含：目睹暴力兒童服務定位、服務處遇介入方式、社工人員專業能力及行政工作、以及與跨專業人員合作上等困境。三、社會工作者同時採用問題解決與情緒處理等因應策略，透過對外反應服務困難、尋找問題解決途徑、理解問題產生原因、調整對困境的態度等方式，以積極行動及正向精神面對服務不足之處。基於上述研究發現，研究者整理出下列研究建議：一、檢視目睹暴力兒童服務定位，並建立有效溝通管道釐清服務內容。二、給予目睹服務社工足夠人力與專業訓練，以回應個案特性及需要。三、與跨專業人員協力，使目睹暴力兒童獲得更加完善服務。

關鍵字

目睹暴力兒童；實務困境；因應策略

並列摘要

As children who exposed to domestic violence are gaining increasing attention, Taiwan has begun to develop professional social work services in response to the needs of these children with the intention of healing their wounds. However, services for children who exposed to domestic violence are still inadequate due to the limited length of time of the services development. Hence, the purpose of this study is to understand Taiwan’s current services for children who exposed to domestic violence in terms of their content; investigate the obstacles and difficulties that social workers encounter while implementing and developing such services and their coping strategies for problem solving; and finally provide suggestions based on findings and results. It is hoped that this study can contribute to the development of professional services for children who exposed to domestic violence by raising public awareness so that these children can receive more comprehensive and appropriate services. For the purpose of this study, five social workers and supervisors who provide services for children who exposed to domestic violence were invited to participate in qualitative interviews. Data from the interviews were organized and analyzed using hierarchical analysis. The results reveal the following: 1. Target recipients of witness services are primarily pre-school children and a small number of school-age children. Current witness service organizations mostly provide one-stop services to enhance service performance and comprehensiveness. These services focus on counseling and healing for the wounds children receive in violence incidents; correcting children’s perceptions of violence; improving caretakers’ parenting and problem-solving skills; and cross-professional division of labor in support of child witnesses. 2. Current services encounter difficulties in four aspects, which include: positioning of services for children who exposed to domestic violence, ways of treatment and intervention in the services, social workers’ expertise and administrative tasks, as well as cross-professional collaboration. 3. Social workers simultaneously adopt coping strategies for problem solving and emotion processing. They address service inadequacies with action and positivity by looking into difficulties in external responses and services, finding ways to solve problems, understanding causes of problems, and changing their attitudes when dealing with difficulties. Based on the aforementioned findings, the following suggestions are proposed: 1. Review the positioning of services for children who exposed to domestic violence and create effective communication channels for clarifying service content. 2. Provide adequate human resources and professional training that help social workers in charge of witness services meet the needs of individual cases according to their characteristics. 3. Engage in cross-professional collaboration so that children who witness violence can receive more comprehensive services.