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  • 學位論文

以自我校正式神經網路解釋外部因子對PM2.5預測的影響

Interpretation of External Factors’ Impact on PM2.5 Forecasting by Self-Calibrated Neural Network

指導教授 : 戴榮賦
共同指導教授 : 尹邦嚴(Peng-Yeng Yin)

摘要


近年來,人們愈來愈重視空氣品質的問題,而細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)濃度是人們在評估空氣品質時所參考的指標之一。本研究分析了台灣中部空品區11個測站歷年的空氣品質資料,結果顯示PM2.5濃度的變化存在著時間相關性,並且測站之間有著空間相關性。本研究提出一個可以整合多種不同型態資料的類神經網路模型,結合時間序列模型與校正器建立預測未來24小時PM2.5濃度的模型。校正器可以根據外部新的資料而對原先的預測值進行調整,本研究校正器的輸入值為預測時刻前一日的PM2.5濃度、天氣的時間序列資料以及預測時刻前一小時的衛星雲圖,校正器以時間序列模型預測值與PM2.5濃度真實值的差為目標值。訓練模型時會依據時間序列模型的結果訓練校正器,這避免類神經網路因為網路過深而導致模型無法學習(權重無法有效更新)的問題,並且可以透過觀察校正器輸入值與輸出值的關係分析外部因子的影響。測試結果顯示校正器可以降低模型整體的預測誤差,並且可以透過校正器觀察到一些天氣狀況對於PM2.5濃度的影響。

並列摘要


In recent years, air quality is an issue with which people are much concerned. The particulate matter is one of the indicators for people to evaluate air quality. We analyze the historical air quality data of the 11 monitoring supersites in the central Taiwan air quality district. We find that there exist temporal and spatial correlation between the concentrations of PM2.5 at the supersites. In this paper we build a neural network model which can integrate several different types of data. This model combines the ime-series model and the calibration model to forecast the concentration of PM2.5 in the next 24 hours. The calibrator can adjust the original forecast value according to the external factors. We use PM2.5 concentration and meteorological data as the input value of one calibrator, and use satellite images as the input value of another calibrator. The calibrators consider the difference between the forecast value of the time-series model and actual value as the target value. Both calibrators are trained according to the outputs of the time-series model. This avoids the problem when the weights of neural network model cannot be updated effectively. Moreover, we can observe the input and output values of calibrators to analyze the impacts of external factors. The test result shows that calibrators can reduce the overall forecast error of the model, and we can observe the impact of some meteorological conditions on the concentration of PM2.5.

參考文獻


一、 中文部分
1. 王建楠、李璧伊,細懸浮微粒暴露與心血管疾病:系統性回顧及整合分析,中華職業醫學雜誌,第21卷,第4期,第193-204頁,2014。
二、 英文部分
1. Rosenblatt, F. (1958). The perceptron: a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain. Psychological Review, 65(6), 386.
2. Dongare, A. D., Kharde, R. R., & Kachare, A. D. (2012). Introduction to artificial neural network. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), 2(1), 189-194.

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