觀光休閒產業低碳管理指標之研究：
以台灣和中國大陸個案為例

本研究旨在建構台灣與中國大陸觀光休閒產業低碳管理指標，以達到節能減碳的要求，減緩地球氣候暖化的現象。在搜尋文獻回顧中發現，大多以單一國家之遊程、交通運輸、綠色住宿、綠色餐廳、社區、風景區為研究對象，對不同政治體制國家的農牧場做為低碳管理指標研究的文獻比較，尚沒有發現。所以如能提供低碳管理指標讓不同政治體制的國家產、官、學有改進的目標對減碳及可持續發展會有貢獻。透過台灣及中國大陸各12位產官學專家進行訪談，問卷調查，利用德爾菲法、成對樣本t檢定等資料整合及統計數量分析，完成觀光休閒產業低碳管理指標。世界觀光組織（WTO）提出永續觀光中心11個指標及相關研究文獻，篩選出組織管理運營維度面、生態旅遊面、社會合作面三大探討面向，五大操作性指標，四十二個評量指標；經過專家問卷及t檢定採80%以上專家認定選取標準，台灣保留36項指標，埔心牧場符合17項指標，大陸保留29項指標，麗山農場符合13項指標，都還有努力空間。對於台灣與大陸指標異同亦整理分析可供未來產、官、學建構觀光休閒產業的管理模式與評量指標，達到節能減碳的要求。

關鍵字

觀光休閒產業；低碳旅遊；德爾菲法；埔心牧場；麗山音樂農場

並列摘要

This study aimed to establish indicators of low-carbon management in the Tourism and Leisure industries in Taiwan and China to meet the demands of saving energy, reducing carbon emissions, and slowing global warming. Past literature mostly focused on such research subjects as travel, transportation, green hotel, green restaurant, community, and scenery of a single country. No comparative study has been found on the Indicators of Low-Carbon Management in farms and ranches of countries with different political systems. Therefore, if low-carbon management indicators can be provided so that countries with different political systems, industry ,government and academia have improved goals, they will contribute to carbon reduction and sustainable development. Pushin Ranch in Taiwan and Lishan Farm in China were targeted as examples. Quantitative indicators were identified through interviews and questionnaire surveys with experts from the industrial, governmental, and academic sectors (12 in Taiwan and 12 in China), as well as data integration and statistical analysis using the Delphi method and paired-samples t test. On the basis of 11 major sustainable tourism indicators proposed by the United Nations World Tourism Organization and relevant literature, three dimensions were selected for investigation, namely organizational management and operation, ecotourism, and social collaboration, along with five operational indicators and 42 assessment indicators. After the expert questionnaire and t test, a set of selection criteria was constructed based on the approval of more than 80% of the experts; 36 indicators were retained for Taiwan (Pushin Ranch met 17) and 29 were retained for China (Lishan Farm met 13). This indicated that room exists for improvement. The indicators adopted for Taiwan and China were compared and analyzed. This allows industrial, governmental, and academic units to establish management models and assessment indicators for the Tourism and Leisure industry to meet the demands of energy conservation and carbon reduction.