泰國大曼谷地區都市治理之比較分析：
以阿瑜陀耶古城、石龍軍路、南龍社區為例

全球國際化使得國家的治理方式發生了變化，國家與國家之間的聯盟與協議，將國家內部的的一部分的治理權利讓渡到外部，中央為了提升公部門與各方事務推動的效率與減緩人力與財政上的緊張，逐漸地將權力下放至地方與人民社會。泰國曼谷身為國家的首都，乘載著高密度的政治量能與民間力量，泰國特有的皇室、軍人、財閥與外國勢力等多方勢力間的拉扯。本研究主張大曼谷地區因承擔歷史、政治與經濟等複合性功能，因此必須透過多層次都市治理的模式來維持曼谷的發展。本論文擬透過三種層級都市治理——分別為國家層級、地方層級以及社區層級，試圖說明曼谷多層次都市治理中權力流動的方向，以及都市發展更新中所出現的隱憂與挑戰。本研究以此理論來分析大曼谷地區的三種層級地區治理後發現，阿瑜陀耶古城在1991年後名列世界遺產名冊後，治理權力呈現向上移動至國際層級的現象，石龍軍路創建項目的創意特區計畫則是呈現從創意設計中心權力外移至企業主、學界及非政府組織創意基金會。最後，南龍社區權力下移交給非政府組織福特資源與參與中心到社區創建居民參與式活動。

關鍵字

都市治理；都市計畫；多層次治理模式；泰國；曼谷

並列摘要

Alliances and agreements between countries have transferred part of the governance rights within the country to the outside. In order to improve the efficiency and to reduce manpower and financial tensions within the public sectors, the central government has gradually decentralized power to the local governments and civil society. As the capital of the country, Bangkok, Thailand, is loaded with high-density political power and civil power, as well as the relationship between the royal family, military, chaebols, and foreign investment. This study aims to expound multi-level governing models of the Greater Bangkok area and demonstrate the shift of power directions during the development process. This thesis also explores the hidden worries or challenges in urban development and renewal. After analyzing the governance features of the study areas, it was discovered that after the year of 1991, the historic city of Ayutthaya was listed on the World Heritage List, and the governance rights showed a phenomenon of moving up to the international orgnazation. In the case of “Co-create charoenkrung road”, the leading sector Thailand Creative and Design Center showed that the governance power is moving out to the private corperates and academic. Finally, Nang Leong Community demonstrated a trend of governance power moving down. The non-governmental organization Ford Resource and Engagement Center and local residents were participated in the community revitalizing workshop.