文化能力概念在西方已有長足的發展,也成為社會工作普遍重視的處遇方法及策略,台灣則未有系統性的實務經驗累積及整理。隨著人口老化,老年人口群多元性的社會問題與需求,多元文化議題也顯得日趨重要。因此,本研究旨趣在探討老人長期照顧相關機構之專業工作者,在回應老年人口多元性社會需求的能力為何?不同領域之專業工作者文化能力的差異為何?本研究結果將提供:老人社會工作領域、多元文化議題及長期照顧相關機構,其教育訓練與實務發展推動之建議。研究採問卷調查方式收集資料,以台北市八個行政區的長期照顧機構的護理人員、社會工作者為施測對象,共發放問卷326份,回收221份,廢卷8份,回收率67.8%。研究發現:僅環境因子對文化能力具有解釋力,而個人因子,僅「修習老人心理學課程」變項對知識能力有影響。基於上述研究結果,對實務面提出的建議為:規劃安排老人領域及工作實務相關之在職訓練課程、活絡老人長期照護機構多元文化氛圍、協同社工與護理的專業合作;學術面為則是多元文化議題及老人領域知識的累積。
The concept of culture competence (CC) has developed for a long time in the western countries, and has become a common method and valued strategy of social work. But the research of background knowledge of CC and the experience of culturally competent care was insufficient in Taiwan. While the population aging took place in Taiwan, the multicultural subject in elderly care has become more and more important. The aging process, which involved physiological, psychological, and social aspects, results in multi-factorial problems and complex need in the elder population. This study aimed to identify the associated factors of CC and the discrepancy of CC between the different specialists in the long-term care institutions (LTCI) for aged population. We used a structured questionnaire to evaluate the CC and the survey was conducted in LTCI in eight administrative districts in Taipei and the participants included nursing staffs and social workers. The response rate of valid questionnaire was 67.8% (221/326). We found that the sum score of four factors in environment domain was associated significantly with the CC in regression model whereas the score of each variable wasn’t. In the individual demographic domain, the learning of elderly psychology curriculum was the only one factor associated with CC. Our finding can be applied in designing the training program and continuous education of the professional workers in the LTCI.