海峽兩岸國中女生飲食疾患與相關影響因素之比較研究

本研究旨在瞭解海峽兩岸國中女生在飲食疾患與相關影響因素之差異情形。本研究以台北市、台中市、高雄市五所國中的女生為研究對象，使用個人基本資料、飲食症狀檢測表、自我概念量表、身體外貌評價量表、身體滿意度量表及心理特質量表進行問卷調查，共得869名有效樣本，所得資料與中國大陸陳薇在北京與成都的2,131名研究樣本進行比較研究。研究方法以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、卡方百分比同質性考驗、Pearson積差相關與多元逐步迴歸進行比較分析。主要研究發現如下：一、海峽兩岸國中女生的理想體型指數均低於實際體型指數，台灣國中女生的體型指數與理想體型指數均顯著高於中國國中女生。二、台灣國中女生罹患心因性厭食症的比率顯著低於中國國中女生，在非典型飲食疾患的比率上則顯著高於中國國中女生。三、海峽兩岸國中女生前三項所採取的病態性減重行為相似，包括過度運動、暴食、節食或禁食的行為。台灣國中女生在過度運動與節食比率上均顯著高於中國國中女生，在暴食行為上則顯著低於中國國中女生。四、海峽兩岸國中女生的外貌負面評恐懼、低自尊與身體不滿均能預測飲食疾患，其中以外貌負面評價恐懼的預測力最佳。五、海峽兩岸國中女生之低自尊對外貌負面評價恐懼、身體負面評價恐懼及身體不滿均具有預測力，其中對外貌負面評價恐懼的預測力最佳。六、台灣國中女生其飲食疾患、憂鬱傾向與自殺意念呈現顯著正相關。七、具有高度與中度憂鬱傾向的台灣國中女生，其外貌負面評價恐懼最能預測飲食疾患。最後本研究根據研究結果進行討論，並提出相關建議以供學校、家長及後續研究做參考。

關鍵字

海峽兩岸國中女生、飲食疾患、低自尊、身體不滿、身體與外貌負面評價恐懼、憂鬱傾向

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to understand the different situations of eating disorder and prospective risk factors between the female high school students of Mainland China and Taiwan. The research samples were from female students of five high schools in Taipei, Taichung and Kaohsiung. Except personal basic information, five questionnaires were used in this investigation, including Eating Symptoms Checklist-21, Fragile Sense of Self, Fear of Negative Evaluations of Appearance and Body, Body Dissatisfaction, and Taiwanese Adolescent Depression Inventory. The total valid samples were 869, compared with Chen Wei’s 2,131 valid data of China Beijing and Chengdu. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, Pearson product-moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The major results were as follows: 1. Both Mainland China and Taiwan female high school students’ ideal IBM were lower than exact IBM, and Taiwan high school female students IBM and ideal IBM were significantly higher than China’s. 2. Identified the percentage of anorexia nervosa, Taiwan female high school students was significantly lower than China’s; the percentage of sub-clinical eating disorder, Taiwan female high school students was significantly higher than China’s. 3. Mainland China and Taiwan female high school students had similar disordered eating behaviors, including over exercise, binge eating, and fasting behavior. Taiwan female high school students in the percentages of over exercise and fasting were significantly higher than China’s；in the percentage of binge eating was significantly lower than China’s. 4. Mainland China and Taiwan female high school students’ fear of negative evaluation of appearance, low self-esteem and body dissatisfaction can effectively predict the eating disorder. The best indicator of predicting eating disorder was fear of negative evaluation of appearance. 5. Mainland China and Taiwan high school female students’ low self-esteem can effectively predict the fear of negative evaluation of appearance and body, and body dissatisfaction. 6. Taiwan female high school students’ eating disorder, depressive tendency and self-killing had significantly positive correlation. 7. Taiwan female high school students whom had high and medium depressive tendency, the fear of negative evaluation of appearance was the best indicator of predictability for eating disorder. Finally, a discussion was preceded according to the results, and suggestions as well as references were provided for schools, parents and researchers to continue afterward researches.