非營利組織事業化對志願工作者組織承諾影響之研究

本研究為瞭解志工對非營利組織事業化的態度，旨在探討非營利組織事業化對志工組織承諾之影響，及藉以靈性成長來強化志工之組織承諾；本研究採質性取向，以半結構式訪談，取樣曾經參與事業化歷程的九位志願服務者為研究對象；經由受訪者敘述參與變遷脈絡中歸納出以下之研究發現：一、非營利組織事業化的衝擊與課題，來自經營者的能力不足與組織價值的質變。二、事業化營利願景優先於公益使命，易造成組織使命偏移與營利組織偽裝。三、事業化當志工的價值被價格化，將造成志工對角色轉換與價值觀的混淆。四、價值承諾，是人格價值觀包含同理心、利他、激勵、情緒來引導志工正面態度。五、努力承諾，是以角色、責任、公平、溝通及情感牽絆，來促進志工的參與熱忱。六、留職承諾，在事業化志工需適應組織文化的轉變，最重要的是被信任與尊重。七、領導者欲滿足志工內在更高的需求，以靈性成長引導志工，來強化其組織承諾。八、做公益展現心的服務，助人開啟靈性的愛，可提升志工不同層次的靈性成長。九、社會企業光譜是非營利組織事業化的未來趨勢，志工有新型態的多元選擇。最後透過本研究分析結論提出建議，期冀有助於對非營利組織在事業化所遭遇經營管理問題的解決，並促使在發展事業化的相關單位、組織、領導者與志工，在參考上有新的思惟，未來能引發更多相關研究的重視，使其在制定「社會企業法」，修訂「志願服務法」的政策實施上，能夠更臻完善。

關鍵字

非營利組織；事業化；志願工作者；組織承諾

並列摘要

The purpose of the following study was to examine the organizational commitment of the volunteers that affected by the non-profit organization’s (NPO) enterprising process. This research utilized a qualitative, semi-structured interview method with nine participants who were volunteering with an enterprising NPO. Findings of the study were as follows: 1. Challenges arise from the administrator’s lack of practical business experience which can lead to question the value of the organization. 2. The emphasis on profit in enterprising NPOs is overshadowing the original mission for public welfare. When this happens, the NPO title is used as a cover for a profit-making organization. 3. When volunteer work is given a price, the volunteer’s role is put into question, which can lead to confusion in regards to the value of the volunteer’s work. 4. Value commitment includes volunteers’ feelings of empathy, selfless contribution, inspiration, and emotional bonds. A successful NPO utilizes these values to guide its volunteers’ a positive commitment. 5. Effort commitment is utilized by the NPO to promote role modeling, responsibility, fairness, communication and emotional ties to inspire the volunteer’s participation and enthusiasm. 6. Retention commitment needs to be integrated into the organization’s culture to ensure that the most important volunteers’ needs are trusted and respected. 7. NPO leaders need to have the ability to guide volunteers into spiritual growth, which in turn strengthens the volunteer’s commitment to the organization. 8. The charitable principles of public welfare motivate the spiritual growth of volunteers. 9. Social Enterprise is the future trend of enterprising NPO’s which will give volunteers a variety of choices. In conclusion, this study provided recommendations based on analysis, hoping to provide guidance to the challenges of the enterprising NPO. In addition, this research also serves to promote new prospects for enterprising NPO leadership and the relationship it has with its volunteers. Further research is still desirable in hope that more social policies, such as the Social Enterprise Policy and the Voluntary Service Policy can be implemented to the highest standard.