護理人員面對新冠肺炎疫情之壓力因應

2019年底新冠肺炎在全球掀起風暴，多次的病毒變種令人擔憂害怕，在疫情影響下，原本就屬於高壓性質的護理工作，不僅工作量倍增，護理人員更面臨諸多壓力，新冠肺炎不僅造成第一線醫護人員巨大衝擊，也對護理環境造成巨大改變。本研究旨在探討新冠肺炎疫情期間護理人員之壓力因應，採質性方法進行研究，在中部某地區以立意取樣方式收案，分別於醫院、衛生所及學校執業的三位護理人員，透過半結構式深度訪談，並以主題分析法進行分析。研究結果顯示疫情期間的壓力來源，可區分為個人壓力、工作壓力、家庭壓力及外在壓力四個部分，當護理人員壓力過大且無法獲得有效改善時，將可能不斷累積循環，影響護理人員身心狀態，嚴重甚至影響護理專業品質。抗疫過程中，不同職場的護理人員都同樣承受著繁重的壓力，本研究中的護理人員對於壓力的因應方式可分為兩種，分別為外在支持力量及內在支持力量，護理人員在面臨壓力時，若能利用內在支持力量，且同時擁有強大的外在支持力量，在遇到問題、產生困境時，能讓護理人員快速降低或緩解壓力困擾，反之，若內在支持力量不足，或者外在支持力量薄弱，其中一方面失衡，護理人員將需耗費更多時間面對壓力的處理。基於研究結論，研究者分別針對政府及醫療相關機構、護理人員本身及一般社會大眾分別作出建議，期望能為不同職場的護理人員提供參考。

關鍵字

新冠肺炎；護理人員；壓力來源；壓力策略

並列摘要

In late 2019, COVID-19 took the world by storm, with multiple virus variants causing concern and fear. The impact of the epidemic not only doubled the workload of the already high-stress nursing workforce, but also put nursing staff under a lot of pressure. The purpose of this study was adopted to investigate the stress response of nursing staff during the Covid-19 epidemic. Three nursing staff practicing in hospitals, health clinics, and schools in middle of Taiwan were interviewed in depth through a semi-structured approach and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study showed that the sources of stress during the Covid-19 epidemic can be divided into four components: personal stress, work stress, family stress, and external stress. When nursing staff are overly stressed and cannot be effectively improved, the cycle may accumulate and affect the physical and mental state of nursing staff, and even seriously affect the quality of nursing profession. Nursing staff in this study responded to stress in two ways: external support strength and internal support strength. If the nursing staff can utilize the internal support strengths and have strong external support strengths at the same time, it will enable the nursing staff to quickly reduce or alleviate the stressful situation when problems and dilemmas arise. On the contrary, if the internal support strengths are insufficient or the external support strengths are weak and one of them is out of balance, the nursing staff will have to spend more time in dealing with the stress. Based on the above findings, the researchers made recommendations for government and healthcare-related organizations, caregivers themselves, and the general public, with the hope of providing reference for nursing staff in different workplaces.