區域經濟整合對台灣塑膠產業影響之研究

我國是以出口為導向的海島型經濟體，對外貿易在我國經濟發展上占有舉足輕重的地位，故「與世界連接，參與全球經濟整合活動」為政府對外經貿政策之主軸，隨著區域貿易的擴大，面對全球283個RTA及歐洲、美洲及亞洲三大經濟板塊的整合，台灣卻被排除在外，但其中任一的發展動態均牽動台灣的國際貿易。台灣塑膠產業除產業關聯度高外，外銷依存度也相當高，因此區域經濟整合對於台灣塑膠產業也將造成一定程度的衝擊與威脅，其中以東亞整合、歐盟與韓國、美國與韓國的貿易協議對台灣塑膠產業外銷具有相對高衝擊的影響，引起產業及政府高度重視，然而ECFA的簽署如同給台灣產業來一道曙光，各產業冀望ECFA對台灣產業發展帶來三大影響效果：(1)擴大市場規模(2)兩岸產產業分工調整(3)生產要素雙向流動，以降低未來「東協加三」或歐韓、美韓對我國的威脅並建構台灣透過大陸連接世界的一個重要環節。本研究探討區域經濟整合的發展及其興起原因、效益，以及國家競爭優勢及跨區域群聚模式的相關理論及文獻，並針對東亞整合、歐盟與韓國、美國與韓國的貿易協議及ECFA簽署對台灣塑膠產業的影響進行研究分析，最後以鑽石模型分析為基礎，結合塑膠產業之SWOT分析提出產業競爭力策略，以產業價值鏈重新定位及兩岸合作發展佈局作為本研究對我國塑膠產業因應區域經濟整合衝擊影響的建議提案。

關鍵字

區域經濟整合；自由貿易協議；塑膠產業；競爭力；價值鏈

並列摘要

Taiwan has an export-oriented island-type economy, and international economic trade have significant effects on it. Therefore, with the expansion of regional trade, increment of various kinds of regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the integration of European, American and Asian trading blocs, the regional economic integration trend inevitably brings impacts to Taiwan's international trade. However, Taiwan was excluded from regional integration. As a consequence, in 2008, President Ma Ying-jeou stated that Taiwan must “connect to the world, and actively participate in global economic integration” and it’s become the mainstream of Taiwan's economic and trade policy. Thus, in 2010, Taiwan has signed with mainland China a cross-strait economic cooperation framework agreement (ECFA), and seek to achieve the following: (1) expand the global market (2) make the best use of China’s niche, promote a division of labor between industries in Taiwan and China; (3) reduce the negative impacts of ASEAN Plus Three, EU-South Korea FTA or US-South Korea FTA, and develop Taiwan as a "gateway to the world " of mainland China. Taiwan Plastics Industry has high Industrial interrelatedness and export dependence. Therefore, the regional economic integration, such as East Asian FTAs, EU-South Korea FTA and US-South Korea FTA, has more significant impacts on the industry, The study of this thesis is elaborating the process of regional economic integration development and its effectiveness, and the theory and research of the country competitive advantage and the cross region cluster model; analyzing the effects of East Asian FTAs, EU-South Korea FTA, US-South Korea FTA and ECFA on Taiwan Plastics Industry. Finally, based on Michael Porter Diamond Model and SWOT Analysis, the study proposes two competitive strategies for Taiwan Plastics Industry while facing regional economic integration: 1. Reposition the industrial value chain; 2. Build up the cooperation between Taiwan and mainland China.