德國高等教育人才培育模式與其招收國際學生策略之研究

高等教育的國際化已經成為21世紀高等教育發展的一個必然趨勢，在全球化競爭日益激烈的態勢之下，招收國際學生成為拓展本國政經實力的手段，因此各國透過整合政府部會、提供獎學金與修改現有法令等來積極招收國際學生；欲了解一國之教育現況，則必須對其歷史進行耙梳。因此本文分別在第二章探討德國高等教育人才培育模式之動因，發現內憂外患的政治環境、各種文化思潮的衝擊、中世紀大學的改革與傑出學者的推動都是促成19世紀德國高等教育人才培育模式誕生之原因。第三章則針對德國高等教育人才培育模式之發展做一耙梳，其可分成19世紀柏林大學之培養模式、吉森大學之培養模式與20世紀結構化改革的博士生培養模式等三階段，前兩者秉持著教學與研究統一的精神並透過Seminar與實驗室來培養人才，而後者則是因應傳統師徒制修業年限過長等因素而誕生，並具有修業結構明確、國際化程度高等優點。第四章針對德國招收國際學生之發展進行耙梳，最後歸納出德國招收國際學生之特色與其發展趨勢，發現其特色有整合政府部會與各大學並擬定統一的招收策略、逐步強化對國際學生之照護、積極在海外宣傳德國高等教育、設立統一的語言考試與簡化入學程序與積極掌握現狀與適時修正等五項，而發展趨勢則是以國際學程為發展重心、鎖定博士階段與國高中階段之未來學生與目標導向之高校服務等。

關鍵字

德國高等教育；博士生培養模式；國際學生

並列摘要

Internationalization of higher education has become an inevitable trend in the 21st century. Under the trend of increasingly intense global competition, recruiting foreign students has become a means to expand each countrys’ strength, both political and economic.Therefore, each country recruits foreign students actively by means of integrating governmental ministries, providing scholarship and modifying existing laws and relulations.To understand the current status of education in one country, it’s necessary to inquiry history and development of education.Thence,researcher investigates how the german higher education talent cultivation mode formed in chapter 2,figured out that complicated political conditions, cultural ideologie’s impact, reform of medieval Universities and promotions by distinguished scholars are the reasons which facilitated the german higher education’s talent cultivation mode in 19th Century。In chapter 3, researcher investigates the development of german higher education’s talent cultivation mode, which could be devided into Berlin Univerisity in 19th century, the talent cultivation mode of Giessen University and structural reform in l980s. The first and second fosters talent by way of Seminar and laboratory, while the latter is in response to the traditional master-apprenticeship mode which contains adventages such as structured curriculum and high internationalization. In chapter 4 researcher investigates the development of recruiting foreign students in Germany and summarizes it’s feature and trend,figured out that features are：Integrating both government ministries and universities and framing unified recruitment strategies, strengthening the care for foreign students step by stpe, propagating german higher education overseas actively, establishing an unified language test and simplifying admission procedures, knowing the current status well and correcting at the right moment. Trend of Germany’s foreign student recruitment strategies focus on establishment of international courses, recruiting more Ph.D and senior high school students, providing each country with different courses as well.